Conventional bus service (with fixed routes and schedules) has lower average cost than flexible bus service (with demand-responsive routes) at high demand densities. At low demand densities flexible bus service has lower average costs and provides user-friendly door-to-door service. Bus size is interrelated with service type since large buses have lower average cost per passenger than small buses at high demand densities, and vice versa. The service type and vehicle size decisions are jointly optimized here for a bus transit system connecting a major terminal to local regions. Bus sizes, conventional route spacing and flexible service area are the decision variables in a proposed algorithm which optimizes a multi-dimensional nonlinear integer optimization problem. Numerical analysis shows how the proposed Variable Mode & Multiple Fleets Operation can reduce total cost compared to a Single Fleet & Single Mode operation. The sensitivity of results to important parameters is explored.

关键词：电子信息；系统；公共交通；路线整合

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手机上网用户男女比例渐均衡，男性占比为56.6%，女性占比为43.4%。中年以上用户（40岁以上）也开始接纳手机上网，占比为13.0%，手机上网开始向全年龄段用户渗透；手机上网用户呈现学历高、专业性强等特点，大学本科以上学历者占到60.8%。企业管理人员、专业技术人员占比达到43.1%； 手机上网用户由整体网民中的中、高收入群体优先转化；受制于各地区经济发展不均衡，手机上网用户呈现在沿海、经济较发达地区分布密集，在内陆、经济欠发达地区分布较少的特点；用户习惯每天多次在碎片时间进行手机上网；手机端与Pad端上网行为异质化，用户在Pad端的上网活动较手机端更为丰富；客户端应用对手机浏览器的入口效应分流明显，这种分流效果，学生用户比非学生用户明显，高收入人群比低收入人群明显； 开源操作系统在手机端市场占据优势，Android系统占61.9%；低价位手机占据半壁江山，使用2000元以下手机终端的用户占到49.5%，运营商格局未有改变；手机上网用户终端品牌呈现三大梯队。

关键词：手机上网；用户行为；终端研究

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The optimization of the real-time operations associated with a bus system is formulated under a hybrid predictive control (HPC) approach. Both the objective function and the predictive model are essential for HPC design. For the sake of simplicity, in this work, the HPC framework is constructed for a single-loop bus system, although it could be extended to more complex systems according to a similar modeling framework. The system is represented in Fig. 4.1. The network is a one-way loop route with P equidistant stops and b buses running around the loop under the control of the dispatcher.

关键词：电子信息；系统；公共交通；运营决策

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Service providers rely on industrial control systems (ICS) to manage the flow of water at dams, open breakers on power grids, control ventilation and cooling in nuclear power plants, and more. In today's interconnected environment, this can present a serious cyber security challenge. To combat this growing challenge, government, private industry, and academia are working together to reduce cyber risks. The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is a key contributor to the Department of Energy National SCADA Test Bed (NSTB) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Control Systems Security Program (CSSP), both of which focus on improving the overall security posture of ICS in the national critical infrastructure. In support of the NSTB, INL hosts a dedicated SCADA testing facility which consists of multiple control systems supplied by leading national and international manufacturers. Within the test bed, INL researchers systematically examine control system components and work to identify vulnerabilities. In support of the CSSP, INL develops and conducts training courses which are designed to increase awareness and defensive capabilities for IT/Control System professionals. These trainings vary from web-based cyber security trainings for control systems engineers to more advanced hands-on training that culminates with a Red Team/ Blue Team exercise that is conducted within an actual control systems environment. INL also provides staffing and operational support to the DHS Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team (ICS-CERT) Security Operations Center which responds to and analyzes control systems cyber incidents across the 18 US critical infrastructure sectors.

关键词：电子信息；信息安全；网络安全；网络工业控制系统；测试

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In the wake of the attack of 9/11, the United States government recognized that the manner in which threats and information were conveyed was extremely inefficient, and in many cases completely nonfunctional due to disparate data failing to become accurately coalesced. This is especially true within the area of intermodal cargo shipping. Our research explores and seeks to inform the development of requirements for an information sharing system amongst harbor cargo operators engaged in intermodal shipping. Through interviews conducted of the Naval Postgraduate School's Multimodal Information Sharing Team's (MIST's) federal and local partners, careful examination of existing MIST findings, and research into best practices in information system design, we seek to provide an analysis of current needs and recommendations for improvements to communications about threats to intermodal shipping. Our qualitative findings, found through interviewing communication systems operators and users, indicate that the generalized lack of trust has created limits to communication that have manifested themselves in different electronic solutions that appear to have been developed without direct input from operators. We also find that there exist overland enterprises (e.g., trucking industry) that lack the motivation to provide funding for improved communications infrastructure. Future research efforts may include further identification of communication barriers (e.g., costs) to improve shared communications systems.

关键词：电子信息；信息安全；网络安全；港务；信息共享

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Pay TV refers to TV services whereby the viewer's pay a subscription fee to watch a particular channel. Pay TV operators provide services such as data, video, and voice services as per the requirements of viewers. In addition, pay TV operators provide games, movies, and contents matching the requirements of various demographics.

关键词：付费电视；电视服务；支付订阅费；特定通道；数据；视频；语音服务

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Labels are primarily printed pieces of paper, film, polymer, or other materials affixed to a product, or imprinted on the package or the body of a product, which contains important information about the product and the company. There are different types of labels available in the market that has different features, such as pressure-sensitive, in-mold, and heat-shrink labels. Often the terms "packaging" and "labeling" are used together as each package contains a label, or is always labeled. Hence, numerous manufacturers in this market are also engaged in the production of packaging products to meet increasing consumer needs. Digital labels are currently gaining popularity in many retail outlets. The numerous new products launched by vendors are attracting players to adapt technologically advanced label products, which is positively influencing the growth of the market.

关键词：标签；产品；公司信息；功能；生产包装产品；消费需求；数字标签

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Cybercrime is costly both for businesses and consumers. Criminals can have different purposes, such as financial winnings, defacement and disruption, which not only cause financial loss but also damage organization's reputation and image. To prevent a number of cybercrimes and simple mistakes, such as not insuring that all traffic into and out of a network pass through firewall, security of e-commerce systems should be considered from the very beginning, i.e. early stage of the e-commerce software development. This is due to software vulnerabilities are a huge security problem. Therefore, to enhance security of e-commerce software, we propose the use of multi-agent system. The research in this paper is focused mainly on the design of agents that provide support to engineers during development process. Moreover, the multi-agent system, presented in this research, supports implementation of patterns and extraction of security information, and provides traceability of security requirements in the engineering process.

关键词：电子信息；信息安全；网络安全；电子商务；软件系统

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A Transportation Research Board (TRB) conference on U.S. and international approaches to performance measurement for transportation systems was conducted May 18 through 20, 2011, at the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center of the National Academies in Irvine, California. The theme for the fourth in a series of international conferences, driving change and being driven by change, captured the changing environment in which transportation services are delivered as well as the role of performance measurement in delivering these services.

关键词：电子信息；系统；交通；测量

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Wireless Reconfigurable Networks (WRN) adapt rapidly and flexibly to network variations, providing advantages to establish efficient communication for emergency operations, disaster relief efforts, and military networks. Security is a necessity where data integrity and confidentiality are exposed to attacks. Security schemes are based on cryptography, providing an expensive and partial defense, since high processing needs are inconvenient for WRN. Hence, the design of a distributed, low cost detection and defense mechanism is important. In this chapter, we present the fundamentals of network coding in WRN, its advantages and how particular problems in wireless networks limit those. We provide an algebraic representation of a distributed, low cost Detection and Defense Mechanism (DDM) that responds to the WRN demands. We evaluate quality of routes involved in the security mechanism, as well as make a selection of the best route for the DDM. The DDM uses network coding to distribute information, and to detect and defend from sink holes and selective forwarding attacks. For performance, we include the number of successful packets, overhead and accuracy in terms of detected attacks and false detections.

关键词：电子信息；信息安全；网络安全；编码

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