关键词：分布式数据处理；计算机通讯；信息处理

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The supply chain social media study was conducted from 28 March 2013 - 11 October 2013. The objective of this study was to: (1) More efficiently identify, evaluate, source, and qualify suppliers to better handle demand surges and supply chain disruptions (Assembly); (2) Better communication supply chain information (technical specifications, engineering change orders, product requisitions or releases, production, shipment and so on) to reduce effort and increase quality and on-time delivery (Communications); (3) Foster greater collaboration to improve production planning, more quickly identify and resolve supply chain issues and increase innovation (Collaboration); and, (4) Provide quantitative and qualitative insights into the industrial base and individual companies to facilitate better planning, improve decision-making, and provide an early warning of potential problems (Insights).

关键词：通信网络；军事采购；物流管理；监控

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Since March 1, 2008 there has been a ban on wireless telephone and electronic communication devices in New Jersey while operating a motor vehicle. But from general observation on any roadway, it appears that there are still drivers who are talking on their phones or texting while driving. From 2006 to 2009, NJ crashes, injuries, and deaths for handheld devices have averaged 1837, 769, and 6, respectively, while hands-free averaged 1570 crashes, 659 injuries, and 3 deaths. It is generally believed that the number of crashes attributable to phone or text use is under-reported as drivers will rarely admit to their use and enforcement normally does not witness the crash event. Additionally, law enforcement resources may be limited and issuing citations for phone or text use may be competing with other enforcement priorities. The objectives of this research were to ascertain whether the legislation has had any effect on actual crash and citation data as well as driver attitude toward the phone and text use while driving and the legislative ban. The results showed that actual hand-held cell phone crashes increased after the ban was implemented but citations issued also increased. Survey results indicated that drivers were knowledgeable about NJ's law but admitted to violating that law anyway. Drivers supported more enforcement but recognized that the law is difficult to enforce. Recommendations included potential revisions to NJ's crash form; consistent national legislation; and evaluation of other states' programs.

关键词：无线通讯；电子设备；蜂窝通信

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This thesis focuses on the potential tactical uses of Quick Response (QR) codes for optical signaling. It examines visual communications methods used effectively by the fleet throughout history, both during peacetime and wartime operations. Due to the advent of new technology, radio frequency line- of-sight (RF LOS) communications have come to the forefront of current operations, leaving the fleet vulnerable when conducting operations in an emissions-controlled (EMCON) environment. The need for a reliable visual line- of-sight (LOS) communications method has become apparent. The use of QR codes also can circumvent the problems associated with Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordinance (HERO) as well as provide an effective means of conducting Identification Friend Foe/Neutral (IFFN). QR codes have the ability to become the newest and most effective method of visual communication for the Navy. The thesis also examines the use of various sensors and cameras to read and decode QR codes, and proposes specific uses of QR codes for communications on board ships, aircraft, and UAVs. Prototype software is provided as an initial-candidate QR Tactical Decision Aid (TDA). The ultimate goal of the thesis is to provide the fleet with an option for a visual communications method that allows ships and other units operating in a tactical emissions- controlled environment to minimize communications vulnerability and maximize operational effectiveness.

关键词：光通信;战术战;视觉信号;计算机模拟;决策辅助

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Today's nuclear power plant (NPP) instrumentation uses current loops and voltage-based communications sometimes compromised by radio frequency interference (RFI), also called electromagnetic interference (EMI). Copper-based communications technology also relies on insulation that may degrade after decades of exposure to NPP environments and can be flammable. Wireless technologies offer the potential for greater expansion in instrumentation in a plant that could augment human performance, provide additional data on plant equipment and component status, and facilitate online assessment of the material condition of plants. Wireless communications capabilities may substantially reduce the cabling cost, but a number of technology and security issues must be resolved. One of the greatest capital cost contribution from I&C systems arises from cable installation. The trend toward more effective, efficient operation and maintenance will require many additional sensors beyond the number of nuclear and process sensors at a conventional NPP. These additional sensors are needed to enable monitoring of real-time process variables, structural components, movable equipment, portable devices, and warehouse/inventory areas, but will exacerbate the cabling complexity and cost. Wireless technologies offer the potential for greater expansion in instrumentation in a plant that could augment human performance, provide additional data on plant equipment and component status, and facilitate online assessment of the material condition of plants.

关键词：核电厂;通信网络;传感器;成本;电缆;电磁干扰;曝光;监测;射频系统;趋势;无线通信

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In this paper we introduce CARRQR, a communication avoiding rank revealing QR factorization with tournament pivoting. We show that CARRQR reveals the numerical rank of a matrix in an analogous way to QR factorization with column pivoting (QRCP). Although the upper bound of a quantity involved in the characterization of a rank revealing factorization is worse for CARRQR than for QRCP, our numerical experiments on a set of challenging matrices show that this upper bound is very pessimistic, and CARRQR is an effective tool in revealing the rank in practical problems. Our main motivation for introducing CARRQR is that it minimizes data transfer, modulo poly- logarithmic factors, on both sequential and parallel machines, while previous factorizations as QRCP are communication sub-optimal and require asymptotically more communication than CARRQR. Hence CARRQR is expected to have a better performance on current and future computers, where communication is a major bottleneck that highly impacts the performance of an algorithm.

关键词：通信优化算法;避免传播;数据传输;通信

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Distributed teams are geographically separated and rely on networked communication technologies to mediate their interactions. A limitation of these networked communication technologies is that they generate transmission delays that result from network congestion or routing issues. Communication delays in distributed environments is an important and challenging problem that has not been adequately addressed. Communication delays are particularly insidious in air traffic control, and space and military operations, where communication and information sharing are paramount to team success. For the purposes of this research, we define communication delay as the time interval between a team member speaking a message (sender) and when another team member (recipient) hears it. The goal of this research is to better understand the effect of communication delays on team collaboration and team processes to maximize distributed team performance. This paper will explore the issue of communication delays in network-enabled environments, and describe an experiment developed to better understand the effects of communication delays on distributed team member trust, shared understanding, and satisfaction. Research questions are as follows: (1) What effect do audio communication delays have on distributed team trust, shared understanding (task accuracy), satisfaction, and cognitive workload; and (2) What effect does a video channel have on distributed team trust, satisfaction, and team member cognitive workload, when team member communication is delayed. For the purposes of this research, we will focus on synchronous audio and video communication technologies.

关键词：延迟，信息交流；局域网；语音传输;队（人事）;视频网络

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This report provides information about federal and private sector efforts to promote and support global Internet freedom and a description of Internet freedom legislation and hearings from the 113th and 112th Congresses. Three appendixes suggest further reading on this topic and describe censorship and circumvention technologies.

关键词：互联网;通讯工具;全球市场;大众媒体；社交网络

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With a focus on complex environments,the present paper describes a new algorithm in scale changed object tracking through color feature.Mean shift (MS) iterative procedure is the best color-based algorithm to find the location of an object.The algorithm performance is not acceptable once tracking scale changed objects in complex environments.In this paper,the main aim is to improve the MS method,using corrected background-weighted histogram (CBWH) algorithm to reduce the interference of background in target localization.To fit the object scale change,the sum of gradient mode (SGM) is employed.The experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional mean shift tracking in the following aspects:1) it provides consistent object tracking throughout the video; 2) it is not influenced by the tracked objects scale changes; 3) it is less prone to the background clutter

关键词：目标跟踪;均值漂移;背景资料;梯度模式

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Private communication may benefit signalers by reducing the costs imposed by potential eavesdroppers such as parasites, predators, prey, or rivals. It is likely that private communication channels are influenced by the evolution of signalers, intended receivers and potential eavesdroppers, but most studies only examine how private communication benefits signalers. Here, we address this shortcoming by examining visual private communication from a potential eavesdropper's perspective. Specifically, we ask if a signaler would face fitness consequences if a potential eavesdropper could detect its signal more clearly. By integrating studies on private communication with those on the evolution of vision, we suggest that published studies find few taxon-based constraints that could keep potential eavesdroppers from detecting most hypothesized forms of visual private communication. However, we find that private signals may persist over evolutionary time if the benefits of detecting a particular signal do not outweigh the functional costs a potential eavesdropper would suffer from evolving the ability to detect it. We also suggest that all undetectable signals are not necessarily private signals: potential eavesdroppers may not benefit from detecting a signal if it co-occurs with signals in other more detectable sensory modalities. In future work, we suggest that researchers consider how the evolution of potential eavesdroppers' sensory systems influences private communication. Specifically, we suggest that examining the fitness correlates and evolution of potential eavesdroppers can help (1) determine the likelihood that private communication channels are stable over evolutionary time, and (2) demonstrate that undetectable signals are private signals by showing that signalers benefit from a reduction in detection by potential eavesdroppers.

关键词：通信和广播系统;声学探测器;通道;秘密行动

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