展望 9 月份，钢铁行业将进入“金九银十”传统旺季，行业有望呈“供需两旺”的发展态势。目前钢材供需基本呈平衡状态，随着环保等政策情绪被市场消化，后期钢材价格面临一定回调压力。综合来看，行业供需形势继续向好，钢材 PMI 指数有望继续处于扩 张区间，且继续小幅提升的可能性较大。

Metals form an important component of many manufacturing and end-user industries.Industries such as the automotive, aerospace,machinery, and consumer appliances use metals such as steel, aluminum, and cast iron as basic components. The process of applying pressure on sheet metal to obtain the desired industry product is known as metal stamping. Metal stamping can be either carried out by punching or pressing the metal sheet. Metal stamping involves different processes. 

3D printing is a technique in which a scanned or digitally designed object is formed into a three-dimensional solid using an additive process. In this process, metal is applied in successive layers with very less wastage. 3D printing products are built from materials that are alternatives to conventional plastic and metals. The global metal-based 3D printing market will grow at a rapid rate during the forecast period.The growth is attributable to the emerging demand from the aerospace and healthcare industry.3D printing metals help in achieving complex geometries, extreme requirements,and weight reduction for the aerospace industry. Fuel nozzles and guide vanes are

being produced using the technique.

Cast iron is an alloy of iron and carbon; it is hard, brittle, and non-malleable. The concentration of carbon varies from 2% to 5%. The alloy has lower melting temperature and requires less refining when compared with steel, which has a typical carbon content of 0.5%.The various types of iron alloys widely used for casting include gray iron, ductile iron, and malleable iron.