Polyphthalamide (PPA) is a semi-crystalline synthetic resin of nylon, commonly known as high-performance polyamide. PPA exhibits superior performance in hightemperature applications such as high-temperature cooling lines, engine cooling, nonhalogenated connectors, and in turbocharged air systems for air management applications. It is largely used in automobile and industrial applications to replace the metal components. PPA possesses ultra-high strength and temperature resistance in comparison with the metal components. In addition, PPA is also preferred due to its lightweight characteristics.

Polystyrene (PS) foam was initially used as a rubber replacement and as a coating to protect metal, wood, and other similar materials. However, with the invention of polyurethane (PU), the scope of application of polymer foam extended to the furniture and automotive industries. The invention of injection molding, twin screw foam, and other extrusion techniques led to a further increase in the spectrum of applications in which it can be used.

Polyacrylamide is an acrylic resin compound that is soluble in water. It is generally produced by the polymerization of acrylamide monomer subunits. Acrylamide is an odorless and colorless, water-soluble chemical compound. It is produced by the hydration of acrylonitrile and is commonly used in the synthesis of polyacrylamide polymers. Generally, acrylamide polymer is non-hazardous, but its monomer can affect the respiratory and nervous systems. Acrylamide is classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Peracetic acid (PAA) is commercially sold in its distilled form or as a diluted (1%-50%) solution containing acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and water. It is generally available as a clear liquid with no foaming capability and has a strong oxidizing capacity. These properties make it a versatile chemical with a range of applications across industries. PAA is available in a wide variety of concentrations as per the application and requires a synthetic stabilizer such as 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid to slow down the rate of decomposition.

Pigments are soluble colorants that are usually in the powder form. Pigments are derived from minerals. They can be produced synthetically as well. Pigments offer enormous options in terms of color. They have better color retention properties in comparison with dyes. Pigments add value in terms of visual appeal and durability to various products such as textiles, food products, cosmetics, plastics, paints, and inks.

Coatings are products used to protect a surface and enhance its appearance. Nanocoatings are applied to infrastructure and buildings both residential and nonresidential. They protect buildings from elements such as moisture, UV radiation, and microbes. The acceptance of nanotechnology for different applications is expected to increase during the forecast period. This is because the technology can be used to address various performance and quality-based challenges that could not be resolved through other coatings. Nanocoating finds its applications for interior and exterior residential paintings, interior house furnishings, glass and facade coatings of tall buildings, coatings of automobile exterior and interior parts, and coating of various industrial buildings. Nanocoatings are also used for small applications in other industries such as electronics, consumer goods, and medical products.

In this report, Technavio covers the present scenario and growth prospects of the municipal water and wastewater treatment chemicals market in Europe for 2017-2021.To calculate the market size, we considered the revenue generated through the sales of water and wastewater treatment chemicals for the applications such as municipal water treatment and municipal wastewater treatment by considering 2016 as the base year. The report also presents the vendor landscape and corresponding detailed profiles of the five prominent vendors operating in the market. Vendors are selected based on their product offerings and geographic presence.In addition, the report discusses the major drivers that are influencing the market growth and the challenges faced by the vendors and the market. It also examines the

emerging trends and their influence on the current and future market scenarios. The report also discusses the regional segmentation for each geography.The parent market for municipal water and wastewater treatment chemicals market in Europe is global municipal water and wastewater treatment chemicals market, which was valued at $20.89 billion in 2016. Numbers in the report have been rounded off in a

few instances for readability. Therefore, they may not add up precisely to the totals provided, and percentages may not precisely reflect the absolute figures.

Wood plastic composites (WPCs) consist of natural fibers and additives compounded with a polymer matrix. These composites are manufactured using either wood and plastic wastes or recyclates, or plastic materials and virgin wood.When compared with conventional wood, WPCs offer functional benefits such as high durability, increased chemical and moisture resistance, and anti-warp feature. In

addition, WPCs lack knots and splits that are likely to be found in hardwood, which further enhances its aesthetic appeal. Bugs and termites are primary causes for replacement of hardwood products. WPCs do not rot as they are resistant to these insects and fungi. WPCs are widely used for both structural and non-structural applications. Prototyping is one of the novel applications that is focused on WPCs.The growth in the housing and construction sector is fueling the demand for WPCs,and these composites are being increasingly used in interior decorations, doors and window profiles and outdoor construction applications such as decking and boardwalks. Growing concerns regarding the use of virgin wood owing to the impact on the environment have compelled users to seek alternative materials such as composites. This factor is fostering the WPCs' market growth.The low preference for recyclates used in WPCs is a major challenge to the market growth. Some buyers prefer WPCs manufactured using virgin materials due to the concerns about performance, durability, and quality of recyclates used in products.

Composites are a combination of two or more materials that have different properties. They have high stiffness and tensile strength, low density, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and adjustable coefficient of thermal expansion. They are also corrosion resistant and stable at high temperatures. Composites are classified based on matrix and filler materials.

Metallic pigments are inorganic pigments with metallic characteristics. These pigments are flake-shaped metallic particles that are available as pastes, powders, pellets, suspensions, or color concentrates. Metallic pigments usually consist of aluminum, gold, zinc, bronze, stainless steel, and nickel. These pigments are used in anticorrosion, heat resistant, reflective, and conductive coatings.