Initial steps were taken in the study of processing mixtures of a polymer and a preceramic polymer to produce a hybrid material that contains a region of gradual transformation from a polymer to a ceramic. It is thought to be a first step toward the eventual development of a hybrid that is graded from a polymer matrix composite to a ceramic matrix composite. Thermal and elemental analysis, and morphology characterization of RD-730 preceramic polymer blends, which convert to silicon carbide upon pyrolysis, and Matrimid A/B polymer (a bismaleimide), were carried out as a function of cure cycle. Cure cycles were chosen to vary the resin viscosity during processing in order to affect the amount of phase separation observed. The results were then used to associate processing parameters with the miscibility of the two resins and the likelihood of producing a hybrid with mechanical and thermal properties that fall between those of the two constituents. High RD-730 loadings were achieved without phase inversion, the glass transition (Tg) of the blended material was shown to be significantly influenced by post-cure, and thermal gradients observed.

关键词：聚合物；复合材料;层;力学性能;形态;塑料

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The report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the Global Polyamide market for the period 2014-2018. To calculate the market size, the report considers the revenue generated from the sales of polyamide, and the volume of polyamide consumed by various sectors and industries. To rank the leading polyamide vendors, this report considers the revenue generated by these vendors through the sales of polyamide. It presents the vendor landscape and a detailed analysis of the top four vendors in the market.

关键词：聚酰胺；金属取代；聚合物；热学；机械；电气；声学特性

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Cumene or Isopropylbenzene is a flammable organic compound. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon-based liquid, with a boiling point of 305.6 degrees Fahrenheit.

关键词：异丙苯；易燃；有机化合物；芳族；烃类液体；基础化工制造

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Sweetener is a food additive that imparts a sweet taste to food and usually contains less food energy. Sweeteners are broadly classified into two main types: natural sweeteners and artificial sweeteners.

关键词：甜味剂；食品添加剂；天然甜味剂；人工甜味剂

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This research project sought to develop a prototype hydrogen-based fuel cell system for ITS devices. The project investigated hydrogen storage capacities of the various candidate chemical hydride analogs; selected the most efficient of the candidates for energy storage based on volume, mass, and cost; developed a prototype system; and estimated the capital and operating cost for such a system. A hydrogen fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, providing a clean, high-efficiency energy source that circumvents the problems associated with conventional batteries. A major drawback that limits its utility, however, is the use of heavy and bulky compressed metal cylinders as the source of hydrogen. The chemical-based hydrogen generation used in this project can provide a compact, atmospheric-pressure storage option for the controlled release of hydrogen. Many ITS-based applications can be envisaged with hydrogen-based fuel cells, such as alternating-traffic signs, directional signals, speed-limit signs, blinkers in series, warning blinkers, and backup power sources at traffic signals during power outages. This system is particularly attractive because many remote traffic signals on northern Minnesota roads lack access to a power grid, requiring the use of batteries that must be changed often, thus incurring maintenance costs.

关键词：氢;燃料电池;成本缸筒电电池;储能;氢化物

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A summary ot three years of work is difficult to reduce to a tew sentences. We have applied Hadamard transform mass spectrometry to stop-flow kinetics and shown how this technique can complement previous stop-flow studies that rely instead on spectroscopic signatures. We have also examined hypergolic reactions. In particular, we performed electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and MS/MS fragmentation studies to determine the composition ot a previously unknown precipitate. We discovered that the precipitate consisted of melamine oligomers and polymers. However, the majority ot the effort involved an ambient ionization method that can be carried out at atmospheric pressure at room temperature-- desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Here charged droplets are fired at some surface and the resulting splash ot smaller droplets enter a mass spectrometer. We applied this technique to show how to overcome adverse effects from salt and detergent in electrokinetic separations using a spinning disk. We also applied this technique, we believe with great success, to study reaction intermediates and to demonstrate the potential of using DESI for mass spectrometric imaging.

关键词：动力学;质谱;流量;碎裂;电离;沉淀

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Chemical reaction kinetic model of hydrogen production from DME partial oxidation by plasma reforming was found.Mole fractions of main products of DME partial oxidation by spark plasma as the function of inlet gas flow rate were calculated at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature.Comparing the results of calculation and experiment,the model was proved to be correct,The mechanism research was done by the method of sensitivity analysis and rate of production.The reduced mechanism which includes 16 species and 13 radical reactions was done.The calculation results of reduced mechanism and detailed mechanism were close.The result shows that the reduced mechanism can be used in chemical reaction kinetic calculation of hydrogen production from DME partial oxidation by spark plasma reforming.

关键词：机制减少;灵敏度数据;二甲醚（DME）;等离子体

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The influence of gravity waves (GWs) on the distributions of minor chemical constituents in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) is studied on the basis of the effective diffusivity concept. The mixing ratios of chemical species used for calculations of the effective diffusivity are obtained from numerical experiments with an off-line coupled model of the dynamics and chemistry abbreviated as KMCM-MECTM (Kuehlungsborn Mechanistic general Circulation Model—MEsospheric Chemistry-Transport Model). In our control simulation the MECTM is driven with the full dynamical fields from an annual cycle simulation with the KMCM, where mid-frequency GWs down to horizontal wavelengths of 350 km are resolved and their wave-mean flow interaction is self-consistently induced by an advanced turbulence model. A perturbation simulation with the MECTM is defined by eliminating all meso-scale variations with horizontal wavelengths shorter than 1000 km from the dynamical fields by means of spectral filtering before running the MECTM. The response of the MECTM to GWs perturbations reveals strong effects on the minor chemical constituents. We show by theoretical arguments and numerical diagnostics that GWs have direct, down-gradient mixing effects on all long-lived minor chemical species that possess a mean vertical gradient in the MLT. Introducing the term wave diffusion (WD) and showing that wave mixing yields approximately the same WD coefficient for different chemical constituents, we argue that it is a useful tool for diagnostic irreversible transport processes. We also present a detailed discussion of the gravity-wave mixing effects on the photochemistry and highlight the consequences for the general circulation of the MLT.

关键词：波扩散;重力波;波混频;有效扩散'大气化学

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Biodegradable materials are materials that are decomposed naturally through microorganisms. Biodegradable packaging differs from conventional non-biodegradable packaging in terms of raw materials, production technology, applications, and composting. Packaging includes a wide range of materials such as paper, board, plastic, metal, glass, wood, and other materials. Biodegradable materials such as bioplastic and paper are widely used in packaging applications because of their sustainable nature, properties, and appearance. Biodegradable packaging materials are used in all levels of packaging including primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging.

关键词：生物降解材料；微生物；自然分解；原材料；生产工艺；应用程序；堆肥

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Paint additives are ingredients that improve the quality, performance, and functionality of paints and coatings. Paint additives modify the properties of paints to improve viscosity, reduce foam, control gloss, control flow, add anti-chipping ability, and enable paint to be more impact resistant to increase its effectiveness. Small amounts of paint additives are added to the coating formulation to ensure the paint's durability and enhance the finish of the coated film. The major end-user industries of paint additives are Architecture, Automotive, Industrial, and Wood and Furniture industries.

关键词：涂料助剂；提高质量；涂料；性能；功能性

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