A drive is an adjustable speed device that regulates the speed and direction of motors. Adjustment is made by varying the current flow through the motor. Drives are classified into two broad categories based on the type of current: AC drives and DC drives. AC drives are used to control AC electric motors, while DC drives are used for DC electric motors. Drives are widely used in the Manufacturing industries to regulate and control electrical devices such as fans, conveyors, machine spindles, and pumps during the production process.

关键词：调节电机；速度；方向；速度；可调装置

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An articulated robot is a robotic arm that uses rotary joints to perform precise movements. The articulated robot includes at least three rotary joints, which help the robotic arm to move in multiple planes. Articulated robots are widely used in manufacturing industries for various applications such as welding, sealing, assembling, material handling, picking, cutting, painting and spraying, and machine tending. Articulated robots are mostly used in the Automotive industry to perform various functions as per industry requirements.

关键词：多关节机器人；旋转接头；机械臂；多个平面

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A circuit breaker is an electrical switch that is used to protect an electric circuit from shortcircuiting and overloading. If there is an overloading problem, the circuit breaker detects it, and the supply is turned off automatically. Circuit breakers are preferred over fuses as fuses have to be replaced after each operation whereas a circuit breaker can be reset after each operation.

关键词：断路器；保护；电气电路；电开关

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Electrical motors and actuators are an integral part of the Process Equipment industry, and are employed in pumps, compressors, and valves in order to drive and control the flow of the medium throughout the process line.

关键词：电动马达；工艺设备行业；泵；压缩机；阀门；驱动；控制

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An analog IC is an integrated circuit that performs by processing continuous signals. It performs various functions such as demodulation, voltage regulation, amplification, and mixing. Analog ICs are very small in size and are developed on a semiconductor material.

关键词：模拟集成电路；执行；处理；连续信号；执行；各种功能

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Reference Network Models (RNMs) are large-scale distribution network planning tools. RNMs can be used by policy makers and regulators to estimate efficient distribution costs. This is a very challenging task, particularly being network planning a combinatorial problem, which is especially difficult to solve due to the vast size of the distribution areas, and the use of several voltage levels. This chapter presents the main features of RNMs developed by the authors, including high performance requirements related to the type and size of the problem. The model can be used to plan distribution networks either from scratch or incrementally from existing grids. Different case studies illustrate the applicability of these models to the assessment of the impact of massive deployment of renewable distributed generation, demand response actions, and plug-in electric vehicle penetration on distribution costs. The results obtained provide valuable information to guide strategic policy-making decisions regarding the implementation of renewable energy programs and smart grid initiatives.

关键词：参考网络模型（RNMS）；智能电网；配送成本

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Testing is indispensable when implementing complex systems, but in the case of communication standards, independent testing of different systems does not suffice. Instead, interoperability tests involving all systems, that are to communicate with each other, are needed. This chapter explains, how the efforts for this tests can be minimized, what additional benefits are achievable, and what limitations exist. Additionally, testing for the major Smart Grid standard families IEC 61850 and CIM will be exemplified.

关键词：智能电网；系统测试；通信；互操作性

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The Smart Grid is expected to increase the efficiency of the current power grid, to cope with volatile power production based on renewable resources, to reduce the need for fossil-based energy resources, and to guarantee the stability of power supply. To achieve these objectives, today's power grid is enhanced by information and communication technology to increase the information flow and to enable a sophisticated power production and power demand management. However, as the power grid is extended to a network of networks, it does not only become smarter, but also more vulnerable to security threats. This chapter discusses the current status and future developments of the Smart Grid and its challenges. Enhancements in terms of energy efficiency and new energy management approaches are covered as well as novel security challenges in different parts of the Smart Grid architecture. In short, this chapter analyzes some of the most striking risks and threats concerning the new Smart Grid infrastructure and discusses interdependencies between energy efficiency and security in the Smart Grid.

关键词：智能电网；可再生资源；新能源；基础设施

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Integrating large-scale renewable energy sources and electric vehicles into the power grid, Smart Charging and Vehicle-to-Grid of the electric vehicles play an important role for supply and demand matching in the power grid. The integrated control schemes considering the vehicle user's convenience, battery condition during the idle time, and grid-friendly contribution, have been designed. It is also important to implement the control schemes into the commercial electric vehicle and its supply equipment. This paper describes a laboratory test system of Smart Grid and E-Mobility consisted by an electric vehicle battery test bed, a bi-directional controllable charger, an interface controller with flexibility in communication and control, and a real-time digital simulator. Communication and control functions of each component are confirmed through fundamental experiments, and the load frequency control schemes are implemented to the system.

关键词：电动车；供水设备；负荷频率控制；通信和控制接口；智能电网

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The article describes how to use MCU that the latest low-cost of ATMEL SAM3 series to achieve the ideas and implementation methods of smart grid collector,and elaborates the specific programs from hardware to software implementation process.The schemes has the advantages of low-cost,high-performance,and high-reliability and meets the actual needs of hardware resources,the demanding requirement of cost-performance and reliability in the power industry,and now it has been applied in the National Grid collector.

关键词：ATMEL SAM3N；电力收集器；智能电网

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