Demand response (DR) has the ability to both increase power grid reliability and potentially reduce operating system costs. Understanding the role of demand response in grid modeling has been difficult due to complex nature of the load characteristics compared to the modeled generation and the variation in load types. This is particularly true of industrial loads, where hundreds of different industries exist with varying availability for demand response. We present a framework considering industrial loads for the development of availability profiles that can provide more regional understanding and can be inserted into analysis software for further study. The developed framework utilizes a number of different informational resources, algorithms, and real-world measurements to perform a bottom-up approach in the development of a new database with representation of the potential demand response resource in the industrial sector across the U.S. This tool houses statistical values of energy and demand response (DR) potential by industrial plant and geospatially locates the information for aggregation for different territories without proprietary information. This report will discuss this framework and the analyzed quantities of demand response for Western Interconnect (WI) in support of evaluation of the cost production modeling with power grid modeling efforts of demand response.

关键词：互联电力系统；需求响应；负荷管理；成本；电力

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This paper presents decomposition method of mathematical model of electric power system and implementation its in digital system with GPU.The electric power system model can be used for real-time simulation of electromagnetic transients.The article presents the results of experimental research of calculation time for two different digital systems using both the CPU and GPU.

关键词：电磁暂态；实时仿真；并行处理；GPU；电力系统

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The Pakistan medical device market is small for a country its size. Domestic production is limited primarily to steel surgical instruments and the majority of the market is supplied by imports. In 2013, BMI Espicom estimates that the medical device market was worth US$259.7mn, or US $1.4 per capita. The medical device market is expected to grow at a reasonable rate, with a CAGR of 6.3% forecast for the 2013-2018 period.

关键词：巴基斯坦；医疗器械；市场前景

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With different element models and parameters in power system,the transient stability analysis results are also different,especially the model of generator and load.Based on the actual parameters of Hunan power grid,this paper builds the synthesis load rnodel of the distribution network with small hydropower considered,and then the Hunan simulation network can also be got.Using PSASP,analyses the transient stability of Hunan power system with distributed small hydropower under different operation modes systematically and comprehensively.Through an overall check of the stability level in each Hunan area,and then compared with the analysis results of Hunan power grid based on the currently used load model,the influences of the distributed small hydropower on the safe and stable operation of the large power network are summarized.

关键词：分布式发电；暂态稳定;负荷建模; PSASP

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Based on increasing the acceleration of high-gravity field from 500 g to 2500 g,a series of TiC-TiB2 composites are prepared by combustion synthesis in high-gravity field,and microstructure modification,microstructure homogeneity and mechanical properties of TiC-TiB2 composites are discussed in terms of liquid-liquid separation of TiC-TiB2 and Al2O3 in high gravity field.XRD,FESEM and EDS results showed that by increasing the acceleration of high gravity field,Al2O3 inclusions in the ceramic decreased both in volume fraction and size due to the enhanced separation of TiC-TiB2 liquid and Al2O3 liquid,while the enhanced Stokes flow induced by the enhanced liquid-liquid separation also promoted the constitutional homogeneity of TiC-TiB2melt,thereby bringing about the refinement of the solidified microstructures,finally,making Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the composites increase with the acceleration of high gravity field.

关键词：高重力场;液 - 液分离;组织改造;组织均匀性

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Common software synchronous sampling methods have some shortcomings such as sampling synchronization error,sampling interval error accumulation increment and so on,and the impact of this error on the measurement accuracy can not be ignored[1].In this paper,analysis on synchronization error occurrence reasons was performed,and proposed the synchronization implementation method of asynchronous sampling.This method can track the real-time changes of electrical signal by the zero-cross-over triggering circuit,and reduce the synchronization error by the software method.Simulation analysis of the signal cycle (frequency) and RMS measurement shows that proposed method improves accuracy of the electrical signal parameters measurement based on microprocessor technology.

关键词：软件同步采样；同步误差；零交叉触发电路；量化误差

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Canada has a sophisticated and well established medical device market which ranks ninth in the world in terms of value. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.0% over the 2013-2018 period. This steady growth should see the balance of trade deficit widen owing to Canada's reliance upon imports.

关键词：加拿大；医疗器械；市场前景

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Cell imbalance is one of the key factors that limit the capacity and power of battery energy storage systems (BESS),especially the large lithium-ion battery packs.To deal with the unbalancing problem,an effective balancing circuit is required,so is an optimal balancing strategy.In this paper,an optimal strategy for cells balancing has been presented.Contrary to the conventional balancing algorithms which base on instantaneous voltage or state-of-charge (SOC) no matter what the cause of imbalance is,the proposed strategy is targeted to different imbalance situations.Four cases of cell imbalance have been analyzed and the balancing effects of different algorithms are discussed.The simulation results show that the proposed strategy improves the performances of battery packs,including the usable capacity and maximum power. 

关键词：平衡策略；不平衡分析；磷酸铁锂电池；电池储能系统（BESS）

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The Petri Net models that we analyse in the following consider the time as a quantifiable and continuous parameter whereas in an untimed Petri Net model the time is taken into account only via the partial order relation between the transitions that are executed in the plant. As presented in Chapter 16 there are two main time extensions of Petri Nets (PNs) namely Time Petri Nets [21] and Timed Petri Nets [22].

关键词：Petri网模型；连续参数；电网

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A packaged GaN LED is a type of LED that contains an encapsulation made of an optical lens, bonding wires, electrodes, and resin. The diode emits green, pure green, and blue light. Packaged GaN LEDs were invented in Japan by Nichia in 1993 and were made available in the market in the late 1990s. They are widely used in the General Lighting segment in residential complexes, offices, retail stores, hospitals, and industries, and for outdoor lighting purposes. In comparison to the other types of LED, packaged GaN LEDs have some unique advantages, which include their higher luminosity and power efficiency. However, their main disadvantage is their high cost compared with standard LEDs.

关键词：GaN LED；光学透镜；接合线；电极；树脂；氮化镓发光二极管

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