MES is a control system that helps manage and monitor operations on a plant floor. It continuously monitors the process by keeping track of all the manufacturing information.

关键词：北美；制造执行系统；MES；控制系统；管理监控设备

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ADASs are designed and developed to support and match the actions of the driver, and eventually support them to control the vehicle.

关键词：北美；高级驾驶员辅助系统；ADAS；管控车辆

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The Department of Defense (DoD) provides medical care to its service members whether they are at their home station or deployed, at locations all over the world. To provide this patient care, DoD must ensure that its health care providers have the proper quantity and quality of medical materiel resources. To accomplish the mission of providing medical care to service members outside the continental United States (OCONUS), DoD procures medical materiel in the United States and ships it to OCONUS treatment facilities and operational units. Procuring and distributing medical materiel carries a large annual cost: DoD spends approximately $4 billion on these activities to support care facilities within the United States, and an additional $750 million to procure and distribute medical materiel for OCONUS.2 When the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) directed all military organizations to find efficiencies,3 the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics (USD AT&L) directed all military organizations in its reporting structure to initiate studies and analyses to identify potential efficiency opportunities.

关键词：医疗用品；费用；后勤保障；医疗服务

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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed a year 2007 air quality modeling platform in support of the Tier 3 Motor Vehicle Emission and Fuel Standards. The air quality modeling platform consists of all of the emissions inventories, ancillary files needed for emissions modeling, and the meteorological, initial condition, and boundary condition files needed to run the air quality model. This platform uses all Criteria Air Pollutants (CAPs) and a select set of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs). This document focuses on the emissions modeling components of the 2007 platform, including the emission inventories and the ancillary data and the approaches used to transform emission inventories for use in air quality modeling.

关键词：大气；机动车；燃料

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This years Economic Report of the President describes the progress we have made recovering from the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. After years of grueling recession, our businesses have created over six million new jobs. As a nation, we now buy more American cars than we have in 5 years, and less foreign oil than we have in 20 years. Our housing market is healing, and consumers, patients, and homeowners enjoy stronger protections than ever before.

关键词：汽车；经济报告；总统

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A comprehensive benefit-cost assessment of motorcycle use is offered, along with the characteristics, behaviors, and attitudes of motorcycle riders. U.S. motorcyclists are at high risk of crashing, with rates 24 times higher than those of passenger car and light-duty truck drivers per mile traveled. However, motorcycles require only one-quarter the parking space of a car and can reduce congestion by doubling network capacity (in vehicles per hour). Most motorcycles have high fuel economy, but low seating capacities render them little or no better than most cars and some light-duty trucks (assuming average vehicle occupancies) when compared in terms of fuel consumption per rider (or vehicle occupant) mile traveled. Motorcycles emit fewer grams of many polluting emissions but more volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide than most cars if a catalytic converter is not installed. Noise impacts are a serious issue, with an inconsistent patchwork of regulations applied across states and localities. Results of a survey of current and former U.S. motorcyclists indicate that most respondents ride motorcycles for recreational purposes and ride in groups, but about one-half also ride for more mandatory (less discretionary) purposes and about 40% also ride solo. Fewer than one-third of respondents have formal motorcycle training, and helmet use is lowest among current riders who do not own a motorcycle. Engine size appears to be rising, and respondents support policies that combat operating a vehicle under the influence (e.g., ignition interlock devices for offenders). Regression models illuminate key factors and marginal effects on motorcycle riding and ownership rates.

关键词：汽车；评估成本；效益

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Monitoring the health of the American people is an essential step in making sound health policy and setting research and program priorities. In a Chartbook and detailed tables, Health, United States provides an annual picture of the health of the entire Nation. Health, United States, 2012 which includes a Special Feature on Emergency Careis the 36th report on the health status of the Nation and is submitted by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services to the President and the Congress of the United States in compliance with Section 308 of the Public Health Service Act. This report was compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Health, United States, 2012: In Brief is provided as a companion to the full report. This short report is intended to focus attention on trends in selected health statistics and to introduce this years special feature on emergency care. Each topic highlighted in In Brief is presented in greater detail in the full report. In Brief contains summary information on the health of the American people, including mortality and life expectancy, morbidity and risk factors such as cigarette smoking and overweight and obesity, access to and utilization of health care, health insurance coverage, supply of health care resources, and health expenditures. An At a Glance table and Highlights summarize some of these key indicators at the national level and are followed by selected charts from Health, United States, 2012 that focus on these topics and provide examples of data contained in the full report.

关键词：健康状况；美国；卫生统计；发病率；医药

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Understanding the diverse PHEV purchase behaviors among prospective new car buyers is key for designing efficient and effective policies for promoting new energy vehicle technologies. The ORNL MA3T model developed for the U.S. Department of Energy is described and used to project PHEV purchase probabilities by different consumers. MA3T disaggregates the U.S. household vehicle market into 1458 consumer segments based on region, residential area, driver type, technology attitude, home charging availability and work charging availability and is calibrated to the EIA's Annual Energy Outlook. Simulation results from MA3T are used to identify the more likely PHEV buyers and provide explanations. It is observed that consumers who have home charging, drive more frequently and live in urban area are more likely to buy a PHEV. Early adopters are projected to be more likely PHEV buyers in the early market, but the PHEV purchase probability by the late majority consumer can increase over time when PHEV gradually becomes a familiar product.

关键词：汽车；插电式混合动力；市场分析

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Beverage containers provide product support, external environment protection, and tamper resistance for beverages. Beverage containers aid in reliable distribution of beverages throughout the value chain and reduce post-production damage. The beverage container industry uses glass, rigid plastic, and metal to make beverage containers.

关键词：饮料容器；产品支持；外部环境；保护；价值链；降低；后期制作伤害；玻璃；硬质塑料；金属

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Outdoor backpacks are mainly used by individuals engaged in outdoor recreational activities such as camping, hiking, and trekking. A diverse range of outdoor backpacks is available in the market, and they vary in size, insulation, design, material, temperature rating, and various other parameters. The duration of trips and types of activities play a key role in choosing outdoor backpacks. Key technical parameters such as bag frame structure, shoulder harness, hip belts, pockets, hydration packs, and equipment straps influence the purchasing decision of customers. The quality, variety, and cost of outdoor backpacks vary in each region. Outdoor backpacks are more expensive than casual bags as they are designed and manufactured using sturdy and durable raw materials to withstand extreme weather conditions. The rise in participation in outdoor activities influences the demand for outdoor backpacks.

关键词：户外背包；户外休闲活动；大小不等；保温；设计；材料；温度额定值；活动行程；类型；持续时间

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