3-D printing is an evolving technology that caters to sectors such as automotive, education, healthcare, and aerospace. In the automotive and aerospace sectors, the use of 3-D printing enables manufacturers to make complex parts such as gears and fuel nozzles with high efficiency. This technology is expected to also find new applications in other sectors. For instance, in the medical sector, researchers are attempting to discover and identify ways to use this technology to make prosthetic parts with biological materials such as cartilage, bone, and skin.

The history of automobile suspension systems dates back to beginning of the 19th century, when automobiles were invented. That time, internal combustion engine powered vehicles were in the embryo stage and only two innovations were made to form the vehicle's suspension system. For the first time, front coil springs were used along with dampeners, which acted as shock absorbers for minimizing vibrations in vehicles. Later, suspension systems saw the use of new setup with leaf springs, which were less expensive and flexible in terms of changing shape so as to accommodate varying weights. This system was initially used by European automakers. Then came the development of independent rear suspension systems, which offered better driving with improved handling and stability characteristics. Automakers also started using air springs, which combined spring and shock absorbers into a single unit providing even better comfort, though costlier than conventional suspension systems.

A lot of events occurred in the Azerbaijani economy in 2016. In particular, Azerbaijan planned to pass to an economic model not to depend on oil in 2016.The government mainly focused on the development of the country’s export potential in 2016, namely, the expansion of non-oil goods and services and the creation of more favorable conditions in the investment sphere.Azerbaijan has recently invested billions in the development of marine, rail, automotive,communal, social infrastructure. As a result, Azerbaijan turned into a major transit country in the region.An important event of 2016 was the coordination of the details of implementing the North-South corridor project, which will become a bridge to connect the railways of Iran,Azerbaijan and Russia. Thus, the expansion of the transport routes will further increase the country's attractiveness for investors by supplying the products produced in Azerbaijan to other markets.

Uncertainty has a cycle, like everything else, which threatened to peak in 2016, as geopolitical risk took centre-stage in shaping the fortunes of global corporates. Our view: the net effects of anti-trade sentiment from growing nationalism, protectionism, and Brexit are likely to outweigh greater hope for fiscal stimulus in corporates’ investment planning.An overall stable outlook for corporate ratings in 2017 also fails to show persisting high levels of regional disparity. Net Negative Outlooks and Watches improved strongly in the U.S, but Latin American corporates are facing increasingly challenging conditions and a weakening credit trend with Negative Outlooks comprising 31% of our international rating portfolio. The slow recovery from the recession in Brazil, weak domestic growth rates in Chile, tax reforms in Colombia, and economic uncertainty in Mexico will continue to pressure ratings over the next 12 to 18 months.

The global automotive lightweight materials market will grow at a CAGR of 8.57% during the forecast period. This high growth rate is attributed to the strict regulatory norms regarding fuel efficiency and emission, and the emergence of eco-friendly vehicles that have led to the demand for automotive lightweight materials. The global automotive lightweight materials market for structural components had

the largest market share in 2015, accounting for 34% of the overall market. This segment is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 9.11% during 2016-2020. Structural components include chassis and body panels that consist majority of the automobile, making the whole skeletal structure of the vehicle.

A foundry is a workshop for manufacturing metal castings. India has emerged as the third largest castings manufacturer in the world after China and the US.This report considers the calendar year 2016 to be the base year and provides data for the trailing 12 months. The values presented in the report are the actual values for 2016 and estimated values for the period 2017-2021.In this report, Technavio covers the current scenario and growth prospects of the foundry market in India for the period 2017-2021. It also presents the major vendors that are involved in the foundry market in India. In addition, it discusses the major drivers that influence the market's growth, outlines the major challenges faced by vendors and the market at large, and examines key trends that are emerging in the

market.

The automotive immobilizer, also known as engine immobilizer, is a vehicle anti-theft system. It is embedded into the engine ECU. It allows the engine to start only with the vehicle's authorized key. The transponder chip in the vehicle key stores the digital security code or password. The code stored in the key and the one stored in the vehicle unit should match for the ECU to allow engine ignition. Once matched, the immobilizer sends a signal to the engine management system to activate the engine.

Enhancing fuel efficiency will continue to be one the key targets for all automotive OEMs, Tier-I suppliers, automobile owners, and other stakeholders of the automotive industry. Several measures have been initiated by stakeholders to enhance the fuel efficiency parameter. Significant R&D investments have been made for decades in the field of powertrain technologies, fuel technologies, and substantial efforts have been made to enhance engine performance in order to improve fuel efficiency. The same can be achieved by making a few improvements to the driving style and on-road behavior of the driver. Driving style optimization through modifications to travel velocity, gear shifts, and acceleration rates can also lead to significant fuel efficiency. Studies indicate that continuous advisories to drivers on optimum driving techniques can lead to fuel-efficient improvements of up to 60%. This necessitates a system that can continuously monitor and render constructive driving recommendations to the driver.

The main use of an animation software is to generate animated images, which gives the illusion of movement when the images are shown as a sequence. There are numerous tools available to the end users to create a realistic virtual image according to their requirements. Apart from creating animated movies like Frozen and Shrek, 3D animation is also used in films to improve the visual effects, and also in AEC and automotive projects. The rapid advancement in technologies and use of animation software in the media and entertainment and other industries has made 3D animation popular among the general masses.

The services and maintenance industry is growing exponentially due to the current industrial concepts of cost-benefit analysis in the face of severe competition in the manufacturing industry. Motors and drives are major determinants of the power supply chain in industrial applications. Any malfunction of these components would cause a lack of sustainability in the manufacturing processes and can incur extensive losses. Therefore, motors and drives servicing has been gaining prominence in recent years.