Road transportation is the movement of goods and people from one place to another via roadways. Road transportation fuel is used to power internal combustion engines of vehicles such as cars, light motor vehicles, and heavy vehicles, including trucks and buses.

The global car manufacturing industry faces intense rivalry due to the presence of numerous well established players such as Toyota, Stellantis, Volkswagen, and BYD. The leading players in this. The industry’s capital-intensive nature and high exit costs further compel firms to remain competitive. Although there is some level of product differentiation in branding and technology, many models offer similar features, which heightens substitutability among competing brands.

Electric car rental is a business wherein a company offers electric cars for rent for a limited period. The market is highly governed by factors such as the penetration of charging infrastructure and government policies. Car rental services operate on the model of renting automobiles for short periods of time, generally ranging from a few hours to a few weeks. There is a network of local branches that assist customers with easy pickup and drop facilities. Car rental agencies serve people who require a temporary vehicle; for example, those who do not own a car or tourists.

The rising adoption of EVs, growing environmental regulations, and the increasing scarcity of raw materials, such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel drive the demand for the battery recycling market. Governments worldwide have enforced stricter recycling mandates to reduce hazardous waste and promote a circular economy. In addition, advances in recycling technology have improved cost efficiency, making it more viable for industries to recover valuable materials. The surging use of consumer electronics and energy storage systems further accelerates the need for sustainable battery disposal and resource recovery solutions.

Advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) essentially consists of sub-systems and features that work independently or are combined to provide assistance, which is not only restricted to safety but can span over comfort as well as the broad convenience spectrum for drivers of modern vehicles. Aftermarket ADAS includes the retrofitting of ADAS technologies on existing vehicles.

Automotive refinish coatings are specialized paints and protective layers applied to vehicles after their original manufacturing, typically during repairs, repainting, or customization. These coatings restore the vehicles appearance, protect the surface from corrosion and environmental damage, and ensure color matching and aesthetic consistency with the original factory finish.

Automotive wrap films offer car styling and personalization through full or partial wrapping. Vehicles with such wraps are used as moving billboards for business advertisements.

Automotive sealants are specialized materials used to fill gaps, joints, and seams in vehicles to prevent the entry of water, dust, air, and other contaminants. They enhance vehicle durability by providing protection against corrosion, vibration, and environmental damage. These sealants are critical in various automotive applications, including body sealing, window glazing, chassis assembly, and battery protection in electric vehicles.

Automotive floor carpets are used to cover the floor of the passenger compartment in light commercial vehicles, passenger cars, and heavy commercial vehicles. Floor carpets prevent transferring heat, noise, and vibration from beneath the vehicles floor to the passenger cabin, which is manufactured of non-woven and tufted materials.

Automotive brake wear sensors are electronic devices integrated into a vehicles braking system to monitor the condition of brake pads. Their primary function is to detect when the brake pads have worn down to a certain level and alert the driver-typically through a dashboard warning light-so that timely maintenance or replacement can be performed. These sensors help enhance vehicle safety, reduce the risk of brake failure, and support efficient maintenance scheduling.