Future vehicular networks shall enable new classes of services and applications for car-to-car and car-to-roadside communication. The underlying vehicular mobility patterns significantly impact the operation and effectiveness of these services, and hence it is essential to model and characterize such patterns. In this paper, we examine the mobility of vehicles as a function of traffic density of more than 800 locations from six major metropolitan regions around the world. The traffic densities are generated from more than 25 million images and processed using background subtraction algorithm. The resulting vehicular density time series and distributions are then analyzed. It is found using the goodness-of-fit test that the vehicular density distribution follows heavy-tail distributions such as Log-gamma, Loglogistic, and Weibull in over 90of these locations. Moreover, a heavy-tail gives rise to long-range dependence and self-similarity, which we studied by estimating the Hurst exponent (H).

关键词：汽车；通讯网络；算法；表征；高速公路通信

查看摘要 索取原文[6页]

The finite element model for the cab body-in-white (BIW) of heavy commercial vehicle is setup,and based on which a modal analysis is performed.In order to verify the accuracy of the model,using multiple input multiple output methods on body structure modal test,using modal analysis technique to identify the inherent frequency and vibration type.Access to the cab modal distribution,in order to improve the structure of the weak areas to enhance the overall performance of structure,proposed amendments.

关键词：汽车；型商用车；驾驶室白车身；有限元法；模态分析

查看摘要 索取原文[5页]

In this study,a 14×6JJ a-alloy automobile wheel was used as the object,the fatigue strength and lifetime of the wheel suffered from varying amplitude load were predicted with a cumulative danage theory (the modified Miner theorem),which was considered to be accurate and secure,based on the analysis of load spectrum.The predicted lifetime was verified using a reliability theory.The results showed that,the modified Miner theorem was reliable in the prediction of the lifetime of an automobile a-alloy wheel.

关键词：汽车；合金汽车轮毂；耐疲劳性设计

查看摘要 索取原文[5页]

An evaluation system of vehicle traveling state was proposed,and an unsafe vehicle traveling state recognition system was established using multi-level information fusion method.In view of the effects of the complexity of the driving environment,a variety of working conditions and the diversity of vehicle traveling characteristics,combing BP neural network with Dempster Sharer evidence theory technique,the multi-information decision-level fusion was proposed to estimate the different kind model of the vehicle status.To verify the proposed strategies,the vehicle traveling posture evaluation system was established.The lane departure parameters and the relative distance parameters were studied in order to get the characterization of the vehicle traveling status information.The simulation results indicate that the adaptability and accuracy and the intelligence level of driving characterization estimation are significantly improved by using the pattern classification and decision technology of multi-source information fusion.

关键词：汽车；车辆的行驶状态;安全规则；BP神经网络；DS证据规则

查看摘要 索取原文[5页]

The final report, Evaluation of a Prototype Safer Teen Car, describes the methods, findings, and recommendations by the University of Minnesota on the practicality and benefits of a system that can provide real-time driver feedback to teen drivers. A prototype Safer Teen Car (STC) system was developed and served as the basis for a field evaluation and as a demonstration unit for stakeholder groups. The STC designed for this project was comprised of a number of interrelated subsystems, including: Teen driver identification subsystem; Seat belt detection & enhanced reminder subsystem; Passenger presence subsystem; Speed monitoring & feedback subsystem; Excessive maneuver & feedback subsystem; Cell phone use detection & mitigation subsystem; and Driving context subsystem. The findings generally showed improved safety behavior during when the STC system provided feedback. For example, the reduction in the per-mile rate of excessive maneuvers was statistically significant at night, but not during the day. In general, the results indicated reductions in the rates of speeding, excessive maneuvers, and seat belt nonuse. Overall, the STC was viewed as useful and safety-enhancing, by both teens and parents. Both teens and parents agreed that the STC changed the teens driving behavior. Parents would generally recommend the STC to other parents.

关键词：汽车；青少年司机；安全带；速度监控

查看摘要 索取原文[188页]

An automotive mechanic died when gasoline he was pouring into a vehicle ignited and burned him. The victim had just replaced a gas tank on the vehicle. He was using a bucket to pour gasoline into the new fuel tank that did not have the filler hose installed. The fuel spilled onto a wire cage-covered incandescent drop light under the vehicle, which ignited the fuel causing the fire. The victim ran from the vehicle with the bucket of fuel, leaving a trail of spilled gasoline which ignited. The ignited trail of fuel caused the bucket of fuel to also ignite, burning the victim. Contributing factors identified in this investigation were the positioning of the drop light, the type of drop light used, the use of a bucket to store and pour gasoline, and the filling of an incompletely assembled fuel system. The CA/FACE investigator determined that, in order to prevent fires within an automotive repair shop, owners should ensure that: 1. Sources of ignition are eliminated when work involves flammable liquids. 2. When refueling vehicles with a portable container, the container should be equipped with an automatic closing cap and flame arrester. 3. Gas tanks are properly installed before refueling.

关键词：汽车；汽油；汽车机械；燃料；油箱

查看摘要 索取原文[10页]

In an era of limited resources and a proliferation of data, there is increasing pressure to conduct careful evaluations of the economic, environmental, and equity effects of investments and policies that influence transportation and land-use systems. This report compares performance measures recommended to achieve desired goals and reviews the literature to determine the degree to which these measures have been implemented and what they indicate about the relative effectiveness of land-use, transit, and automobile pricing policies. Despite the variation in methods and performance measures implemented in the studies reviewed for this report, the synthesis of study results suggests the direction and relative magnitude of change resulting from different types of policies, as well as potential biases introduced by omitting the representation of the land-use and transportation interaction. Overall, the performance measures indicate that carefully designed transit, land-use, and automobile pricing policies may improve travel, economic, environmental, and equity conditions for communities. However, transit and peak-period automobile pricing policies can, in some situations, lead to negative performance outcomes across some or all measures, as illustrated in studies that explicitly represent the land-use and transportation interaction.

关键词：汽车；城市交通政策；尾气排放量；氮氧化物；一氧化碳

查看摘要 索取原文[122页]

VisLab has been pioneering the world of autonomous driving since its early years; in 1998 VisLab organized one of the most innovative experiments for that period: a passenger car was equipped with sensing and actuation devices and was tested with autonomous steering along a 2000+ km on Italian highways

关键词：汽车；自主驾驶；传感和驱动装置；VisLab

查看摘要 索取原文[36页]

This report discusses light-vehicle crash countermeasure profiles and functions for five target pre-crash scenario groups based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. Target pre-crash scenario groups include rear-end, lane change, opposite direction, junction crossing, and left turn across path from opposite direction (LTAP/OD) crashes involving at least one light vehicle (e.g., passenger car, van, minivan, sport utility vehicle, or light pickup truck with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less). There are 10 pre-crash scenarios in these groups to be addressed by V2V-based crash countermeasures. Kinematic equations are presented for the time-to-collision and avoidance maneuvers to identify information needs for these crash countermeasures. Information needs are translated into countermeasure functional requirements based on relevant safety applications devised in two prior research projects dealing with cooperative V2V communications and autonomous vehicle-based sensing systems. This report identifies two target pre-crash scenarios that would require new safety applications not developed in prior projects, including the LTAP/OD and opposite direction/no vehicle maneuver pre-crash scenarios.

关键词：汽车；避免撞车；车辆安全；通信系统

查看摘要 索取原文[48页]

On February 24, 2012, NHTSA released a proposed set of Driver Distraction Guidelines covering original equipment in-vehicle device secondary tasks (where secondary tasks are defined as communications, entertainment, information gathering, and navigation tasks not required to drive) performed by the driver through visual-manual means (meaning the driver looking at a device, manipulating a device-related control with the drivers hand, and watching for visual feedback). These Guidelines will be used to identify secondary tasks that interfere with a driver's ability to safely control a vehicle (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 2012). The NHTSA Guidelines specify multiple test methods with acceptance criteria. While including a total of seven test protocols in its Notice of Proposed Federal Guidelines (NHTSA, 2012), NHTSA indicates that it prefers the following two test protocols and their associated acceptance criteria: Option EGDS: Eye Glance Testing Using a Driving Simulator, and Option OCC: Occlusion Testing. Following an approach set forth by the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (Alliance) and the growing body of research indicating that eye glance behavior is a prominent indicator of driver distraction, these preferred test protocols focus on eye glance behavior as a method for determining which visual or visual-manual secondary tasks are not acceptable for performance by a driver while operating a vehicle.

关键词：汽车；司机的行为；指引；人因工程；车载信息系统

查看摘要 索取原文[92页]