We proposed efficient techniques for passive detection and localization of emitters of low probability of intercept signals. These are the generalized likelihood ration test (GLRT) detector and the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). We derived the theoretical bounds for the localization variance, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), and showed that the MLE attains the bounds. We further investigated the problems of optimal sensor configuration, knowledge aided geo-location design as well as method to improved the TDOA geo-location technique.

关键词：无线通信；探测器；宽带；发射器；电台频率地理位置

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Navigation of gun-launched precision munitions using affordable technologies is investigated. Estimation algorithms were developed to blend flight dynamic models with measurements from inertial sensors and, if available, global positioning system (GPS). The launch and flight characteristics of the unique, gun-launched environment were exploited both in the state estimator and for novel heuristic parameter identification. The algorithm included using low- cost inertial sensor arrays and general GPS availability. Experimental results from guided mortar flights indicate that the algorithm with only inertial sensor measurements yields position errors less than 40 m over a 30-s flight. Position errors from the experiments decrease slightly using loose coupling when GPS is available. Simulations were conducted to assess algorithm performance over a wider range of conditions. These results demonstrate that position errors are less than tens of meters for flight times of interest to munitions. Estimation is intolerant to inertial sensor errors due to the novel manner in which known flight dynamics are used to compensate measurements. Overall, this effort shows that navigation error resulting from a low throughput algorithm using affordable inertial sensors is sufficient to increase system accuracy for munitions.

关键词：传感器；探测器；卡尔曼滤波；全球定位系统

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Inspired by the roles of hair cells in nature, this study aims to develop and characterize two new sets of novel flow sensors. One set of sensors developed and studied in this work are flow sensors fabricated using carbon nanomaterials. These sensors are made by embedding carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanohorns (CNH) into a polymeric substrate and then tested by flowing a conductive aqueous solution over the surface of the exposed CNT and CNH. In response, a flow-dependent voltage is generated. The surface coverage and the electrical relationship between the sensor and water is investigated and the voltage measurements of sensors with different levels of resistance were tested in varying fluid velocities. In response to these fluid velocities, the least resistive sensor showed small, but detectable changes in voltages, while higher resistance sensors showed less response. In addition, plasma treatment of the carbon nanomaterial/PDMS films were conducted in order to render the PDMS on the surface hydrophilic and in turn to pull more fluid towards the carbon material. This showed to improve the sensitivity of the flow sensors. This work also builds on previous research by investigating the flow dependent electrical response of a 'skin'-encapsulated artificial hair cell in an aqueous flow. An artificial cell membrane is housed in a flexible polyurethane substrate and serves as the transduction element for the artificial hair cell. Flow experiments are conducted by placing the bio-inspired sensor in a flow chamber and subjecting it to pulse-like flows. This study demonstrates that the encapsulated artificial hair cell flow sensor is capable of sensing changes in flow through a mechanoelectrical response and that its sensing capabilities may be altered by varying its surface morphology.

关键词：传感器；碳纳米管；探测器；流量；生物工程

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The report documents the characterization of the impulse response of piezoelectric thin-film transducers to low-impacts provided by a 'ball-drop' apparatus and the effects of device size and annealing process on the impulse response. The specific piezoelectric thin-film transducers are 1-micron thick Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) films, as deposited by Army Research Laboratory's (ARL's) Sensors and Electronics Devices Directorate in support of Army Technology Objective Sensor, Warhead, and Fuzing Technology Integrated for Combined Effects (SWFTICE) during Fiscal Year (FY) 2011. Summary results are of low-yield for these specific lot fabrications, but iterative designs/fabrications are forthcoming from laboratory fabrication for further testing.

关键词：冲击传感器；铅锆钛酸盐；铁电材料；薄膜；转换器

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The problem of simultaneously accommodating unknown sensor biases and unknown actuator failures in uncertain systems is considered in a direct model reference adaptive control (MRAC) setting for state tracking using state feedback. Sensor biases and actuator faults may be present at the outset or may occur at unknown instants of time during operation. A modified MRAC law is proposed, which combines sensor bias estimation with control gain adaptation for accommodation of sensor biases and actuator failures. This control law is shown to provide signal boundedness in the resulting system. For the case when an external asymptotically stable sensor bias estimator is available, an MRAC law is developed to accomplish asymptotic state tracking and signal boundedness. For a special case wherein biases are only present in the rate measurements and bias-free position measurements are available, an MRAC law is developed using a model-independent bias estimator, and is shown to provide asymptotic state tracking with signal boundedness.

关键词：执行器；自适应控制；自适应控制；不确定系统

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Wireless sensor detection is readily accessible, easily deployable, and usable technology that provides public-safety personnel with an early-warning and identification tool in the event of a Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear (CBRN) incident. This is accomplished by incorporating wireless sensor detection capability into the Los Angeles Fire Department's (LAFD) hazardous-materials operations. Due to the relative ease of use and low cost of deployment, it makes sense that the LAFD employ wireless technology, capitalizing on the advantages. The question regarding CBRN wireless sensor network capability is whether this technology is suitable, reliable, user friendly, and quickly deployable. Furthermore, will this technology provide critical early warning, detection, and subsequent notification in real time. The goal of this thesis is to determine CBRN wireless sensor detection capability in terms of reliability, deployment, early warning, and notification. The objective is to outline a concept of operations document providing the need structure for incorporating wireless sensor detection capability into public-safety operations. Through field deployments and exercises using sensor detectors, standardized equipment, and software, the LAFD will have better access to early detection and notification of CBRN material releases. The end result means a more efficient, cost-effective tool that readily detects hazardous products, providing an early warning capability.

关键词：无线传感器；生物战剂探测器；化学剂探测器；无线链路

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OrthopterNets represent an ongoing R&D program which aims to apply insects as relays for chemical sensor detectors and other types of messages over distances of a few meters to hundreds or thousands of meters. OrthopterNets establish ad hoc communications networks formed by insect nodes to pass information from sensors to one or more detection endpoints. The networks may be formed among calling insects (e.g., as with crickets and katydids) via acoustic modulation of their calls, or through radiofrequency transceivers attached to the insects. This paper summarizes ongoing work towards the development of a viable OrthopterNet implementation.

关键词：通信网络；声波信号；化学剂探测器；微机电系统；昆虫

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A biosensor for the detection of organophosphates in water was created by immobilizing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on a carbon screen printed electrode using peptide nanotubes (PNT) and Nafion(registered trademark). This sensor was used with acetylthiocholine (ASCh) substrate to detect the inhibitory effects of malathion. The stability of the encapsulated enzyme was measured over 50 days of storage at 4 deg C in a phosphate buffer solution. The oxidation of thiocholine, a product of the enzymatic reaction of ASCh and AChE, was used to measure the activity of the encapsulated enzyme. Cyclic voltammograms were taken in an ASCh and phosphate buffer solution, and the peak oxidation was used to measure the performance of the sensor. Amperometric studies were also conducted at 310 mV vs Ag/AgCl to measure the response of the sensors to ASCh and malathion. This research demonstrates that the use of PNTs and Nafion(registered trademark) allows the sensor to remain stable under these conditions for a much longer period than similar biosensors relying on adsorption alone, losing 17.3and 14.2, activity, respectively, after 50 days. Detection limits of as low as 48 nM of malathion were obtained using PNT, and 102 nM using PNT and Nafion(registered trademark).

关键词：传感器；碳纳米管；乙酰胆碱酯酶；生物探测器

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国务院网站2014年6月24日报道，为了充分发挥集成电路产业国内市场优势，营造良好发展环境，激发企业活力和创造力，带动产业链协同可持续发展，加快追赶和超越的步伐，努力实现集成电路产业跨越式发展，国务院印发了《国家集成电路产业发展推进纲要》（以下简称《纲要》）。

关键词：通信行业；要闻综述

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本刊以七大战略性新兴产业——节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物、高端装备制造、新能源、新材料、新能源汽车为研究重点，关注国家高层和各部委的动态，剖析国家和地方的新兴产业政策。本刊设有政策导读、领导讲话、七大战略性新兴产业本周国内外行业动态和重点企业新闻、投资专题四大板块，能够实时监测新兴产业和重点企业动态，把握新兴产业发展方向，研究发展重点，寻求发展机遇。

关键词：节能环保；新一代信息技术；生物；高端装备制造；新能源；新材料；新能源汽车

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