Since March 1, 2008 there has been a ban on wireless telephone and electronic communication devices in New Jersey while operating a motor vehicle. But from general observation on any roadway, it appears that there are still drivers who are talking on their phones or texting while driving. From 2006 to 2009, NJ crashes, injuries, and deaths for handheld devices have averaged 1837, 769, and 6, respectively, while hands-free averaged 1570 crashes, 659 injuries, and 3 deaths. It is generally believed that the number of crashes attributable to phone or text use is under-reported as drivers will rarely admit to their use and enforcement normally does not witness the crash event. Additionally, law enforcement resources may be limited and issuing citations for phone or text use may be competing with other enforcement priorities. The objectives of this research were to ascertain whether the legislation has had any effect on actual crash and citation data as well as driver attitude toward the phone and text use while driving and the legislative ban. The results showed that actual hand-held cell phone crashes increased after the ban was implemented but citations issued also increased. Survey results indicated that drivers were knowledgeable about NJ's law but admitted to violating that law anyway. Drivers supported more enforcement but recognized that the law is difficult to enforce. Recommendations included potential revisions to NJ's crash form; consistent national legislation; and evaluation of other states' programs.

关键词：无线通讯；电子设备；蜂窝通信

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This thesis focuses on the potential tactical uses of Quick Response (QR) codes for optical signaling. It examines visual communications methods used effectively by the fleet throughout history, both during peacetime and wartime operations. Due to the advent of new technology, radio frequency line- of-sight (RF LOS) communications have come to the forefront of current operations, leaving the fleet vulnerable when conducting operations in an emissions-controlled (EMCON) environment. The need for a reliable visual line- of-sight (LOS) communications method has become apparent. The use of QR codes also can circumvent the problems associated with Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordinance (HERO) as well as provide an effective means of conducting Identification Friend Foe/Neutral (IFFN). QR codes have the ability to become the newest and most effective method of visual communication for the Navy. The thesis also examines the use of various sensors and cameras to read and decode QR codes, and proposes specific uses of QR codes for communications on board ships, aircraft, and UAVs. Prototype software is provided as an initial-candidate QR Tactical Decision Aid (TDA). The ultimate goal of the thesis is to provide the fleet with an option for a visual communications method that allows ships and other units operating in a tactical emissions- controlled environment to minimize communications vulnerability and maximize operational effectiveness.

关键词：光通信;战术战;视觉信号;计算机模拟;决策辅助

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In this paper we introduce CARRQR, a communication avoiding rank revealing QR factorization with tournament pivoting. We show that CARRQR reveals the numerical rank of a matrix in an analogous way to QR factorization with column pivoting (QRCP). Although the upper bound of a quantity involved in the characterization of a rank revealing factorization is worse for CARRQR than for QRCP, our numerical experiments on a set of challenging matrices show that this upper bound is very pessimistic, and CARRQR is an effective tool in revealing the rank in practical problems. Our main motivation for introducing CARRQR is that it minimizes data transfer, modulo poly- logarithmic factors, on both sequential and parallel machines, while previous factorizations as QRCP are communication sub-optimal and require asymptotically more communication than CARRQR. Hence CARRQR is expected to have a better performance on current and future computers, where communication is a major bottleneck that highly impacts the performance of an algorithm.

关键词：通信优化算法;避免传播;数据传输;通信

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The supply chain social media study was conducted from 28 March 2013 - 11 October 2013. The objective of this study was to: (1) More efficiently identify, evaluate, source, and qualify suppliers to better handle demand surges and supply chain disruptions (Assembly); (2) Better communication supply chain information (technical specifications, engineering change orders, product requisitions or releases, production, shipment and so on) to reduce effort and increase quality and on-time delivery (Communications); (3) Foster greater collaboration to improve production planning, more quickly identify and resolve supply chain issues and increase innovation (Collaboration); and, (4) Provide quantitative and qualitative insights into the industrial base and individual companies to facilitate better planning, improve decision-making, and provide an early warning of potential problems (Insights).

关键词：通信网络；军事采购；物流管理；监控

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Today's nuclear power plant (NPP) instrumentation uses current loops and voltage-based communications sometimes compromised by radio frequency interference (RFI), also called electromagnetic interference (EMI). Copper-based communications technology also relies on insulation that may degrade after decades of exposure to NPP environments and can be flammable. Wireless technologies offer the potential for greater expansion in instrumentation in a plant that could augment human performance, provide additional data on plant equipment and component status, and facilitate online assessment of the material condition of plants. Wireless communications capabilities may substantially reduce the cabling cost, but a number of technology and security issues must be resolved. One of the greatest capital cost contribution from I&C systems arises from cable installation. The trend toward more effective, efficient operation and maintenance will require many additional sensors beyond the number of nuclear and process sensors at a conventional NPP. These additional sensors are needed to enable monitoring of real-time process variables, structural components, movable equipment, portable devices, and warehouse/inventory areas, but will exacerbate the cabling complexity and cost. Wireless technologies offer the potential for greater expansion in instrumentation in a plant that could augment human performance, provide additional data on plant equipment and component status, and facilitate online assessment of the material condition of plants.

关键词：核电厂;通信网络;传感器;成本;电缆;电磁干扰;曝光;监测;射频系统;趋势;无线通信

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Since publishing the Great Lakes Networks first communication plan, science communication, particularly in the National Park Services Inventory and Monitoring program, has taken root and become an integral part of our work. Our first communication plan was necessarily broad in its goals and objectives because we were learning what was needed by parks and how we would fulfill those needs. We have been relatively successful in our efforts. In a 2011 survey of staff at the nine Network parks, 78of respondents said they were aware of Network monitoring programs being carried out in their parks. Thus, the goals and objectives in this plan are not much different than they were in 2009, but by achieving the four goals we have set in this version, we should improve upon the flow of information and diversify how it is presented. We are striving to clarify the relevance of our data to park management, strengthen the relationships between the Network and park interpreters, and to begin using social media and webinar technology. As always, we will evaluate our work towards these goals and continue improving how we work with and assist the Great Lakes Network parks.

关键词：沟通计划;网络;通信;监控

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Advancing technologies in smallsats provide remote sensing and communications capabilities achievable with a constellation of satellites at a reasonable cost to meet military needs. Like any other nation looking for a cheap but effective solution in that area, Turkey might also benefit from a replacement of its remote sensing assets. Currently, Turkish Armed Forces rely on a limited number of reconnaissance aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, which do not provide real-time or near real-time remote sensing capabilities. Near real-time remote sensing needs for the Turkish warfighter dictates that the Turkish Armed Forces reach that capability as soon as possible. Likewise, replacing its conventional communication radios with satellite communication devices would also fulfill its warfighter needs. While current communication devices have physical limitations in Turkey's mountainous terrain and the surrounding seas, satellite communication capability would provide a wider coverage, and for specific frequencies, it might provide better resistance to jamming and interference. For the benefit of the Turkish Armed Forces' communications needs, a satellite constellation must be optimized such that effective coverage will be achieved with the least number of satellites to provide a reasonable cost. In this study, satellite constellation optimization for the Turkish Armed Forces will be achieved using Analytical Graphics, Inc.'s Systems Tool Kit software for simulation and analysis of several possible communications and remote sensing satellite constellations covering Turkish territory and surrounding seas. The Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for a smallsat constellation will be described and an optimized smallsat constellation will be modeled using STK software. The resulting data will be analyzed and discussed in the form of a recommendation that would benefit the Turkish Armed Forces.

关键词：远程探测；卫星通讯；卫星星座；通信卫星

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U.S. Army leaders acknowledge the importance of the Human Domain, and it is therefore in the Army's best interest to retain the capabilities and knowledge built over the past 12 years. Failure to maintain these capabilities will inevitably mean redeveloping them during the next conflict at the cost of national treasure, e.g. American lives and dollars. Historically, the Army's improvements in process and technique draw directly from lessons learned in conflict. However, there is value in looking at empirical research drawn from fields with relevant parallels to practices used by influence operators. Within academia, there exists a vast amount of research on techniques and procedures influence operators can utilize. This study sought to identify how Army influence operators can benefit from outside institutions, and not rely solely on our experiences to further our capabilities. Therefore, this paper looked at what mass communication, advertising, and marketing research influence operators can adapt and implement at the strategic and operational levels of war. As a result, this study identified four reinforcing takeaways from the academic literature and two distinct recommendations for implementation, an additional step in the doctrinal process and training for our influence operators in communication strategy design that better supports the military campaign.

关键词：大众传播；广告；传播策略；通信

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This report presents and demonstrates a methodology for analyzing the frequency diversity dependency of a transmitted signal as a function of evaporation duct heights. The integrated Advanced Propagation (APM) module is used to compute maritime signal propagation loss, and a Nakagami-m model is used to model the fading channel. Several approaches for evaluating intermittent communications in maritime environments were presented and demonstrated. The authors show how the Navy-validated APM in combination with an effective channel model can predict maritime communications. Using this approach, simulation results showing the impact of evaporation ducts' wideband frequency diversity, as well as communication links states are presented. These types of analyses have very important applications in mission planning, and are a promising solution that can provide enhanced communication autonomy in unmanned maritime vehicles.

关键词：宽带，遥控飞行器；传输损耗；自主导航；电磁波的传播

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Distributed teams are geographically separated and rely on networked communication technologies to mediate their interactions. A limitation of these networked communication technologies is that they generate transmission delays that result from network congestion or routing issues. Communication delays in distributed environments is an important and challenging problem that has not been adequately addressed. Communication delays are particularly insidious in air traffic control, and space and military operations, where communication and information sharing are paramount to team success. For the purposes of this research, we define communication delay as the time interval between a team member speaking a message (sender) and when another team member (recipient) hears it. The goal of this research is to better understand the effect of communication delays on team collaboration and team processes to maximize distributed team performance. This paper will explore the issue of communication delays in network-enabled environments, and describe an experiment developed to better understand the effects of communication delays on distributed team member trust, shared understanding, and satisfaction. Research questions are as follows: (1) What effect do audio communication delays have on distributed team trust, shared understanding (task accuracy), satisfaction, and cognitive workload; and (2) What effect does a video channel have on distributed team trust, satisfaction, and team member cognitive workload, when team member communication is delayed. For the purposes of this research, we will focus on synchronous audio and video communication technologies.

关键词：延迟，信息交流；局域网；语音传输;队（人事）;视频网络

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