报告从战略性分析、环境信息、竞争对手情报、资讯信息快报、市场行情与数据分析等几个方面对石油化工行业进行了分析评论。

关键词：石油化工；战略性分析；环境信息；竞争对手情报；资讯信息快报；市场行情

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China's producer price index (PPI) for industrial products fell 1.1% YoY this June, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) posted on July 9.The data represented the 28th consecutive month of drops, with the narrowed pace - down 1.4% seen in May, 2% April and 2.3% March.Ex-factory prices in June edged down 0.2% month on month, NBS said.Purchasing prices of production materials went down 1.5% in June，contributing 1.16 percentage points of the PPI drop in the month,while those of consumer goods gained 0.2% during the period.

关键词：石油化工；石化；经济政策

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Chemical reaction kinetic model of hydrogen production from DME partial oxidation by plasma reforming was found.Mole fractions of main products of DME partial oxidation by spark plasma as the function of inlet gas flow rate were calculated at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature.Comparing the results of calculation and experiment,the model was proved to be correct,The mechanism research was done by the method of sensitivity analysis and rate of production.The reduced mechanism which includes 16 species and 13 radical reactions was done.The calculation results of reduced mechanism and detailed mechanism were close.The result shows that the reduced mechanism can be used in chemical reaction kinetic calculation of hydrogen production from DME partial oxidation by spark plasma reforming.

关键词：机制减少;灵敏度数据;二甲醚（DME）;等离子体;制氢

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The goals of Office of Clean Coal are: (1) Improved energy security; (2) Reduced green house gas emissions; (3) High tech job creation; and (4) Reduced energy costs. The goals of the Hydrogen from Coal Program are: (1) Prove the feasibility of a 40efficient, near zero emissions IGCC plant that uses membrane separation technology and other advanced technologies to reduce the cost of electricity by at least 35; and (2) Develop H(sub 2) production and processing technologies that will contribute (approx)3in improved efficiency and 12reduction in cost of electricity.

关键词：制氢；电力；能源核算；温室气体；合成气

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Effective storage of hydrogen presents one of the most significant technical gaps to successful implementation of the hydrogen economy, particularly for transportation applications. Amine boranes, such as ammonia borane H3NBH3 and ammonia triborane H3NB3H7, have been identified as promising, high-capacity chemical hydrogen storage media containing potentially readily released protic (N-H) and hydridic (B-H) hydrogens. At the outset of our studies, dehydrogenation of ammonia borane had been studied primarily in the solid state, but our DOE sponsored work clearly demonstrated that ionic liquids, base-initiators and/or metal-catalysts can each significantly increase both the rate and extent of hydrogen release from amine boranes under moderate conditions. Our studies also showed that depending upon the activation method, hydrogen release from amine boranes can occur by very different mechanistic steps and yield different types of spent-fuel materials. The fundamental understanding that was developed during this grant of the pathways and controlling factors for each of these hydrogen-release mechanisms is now enabling continuing discovery and optimization of new chemical-hydride based hydrogen storage systems.

关键词：储氢;胺硼烷脱氢催化剂;氢化物;乏燃料运输

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Utilizing carbon dioxide to produce water and hence oxygen is critical for sustained manned missions in space, and to support both NASA's cabin Atmosphere Revitalization System (ARS) and In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) concepts. For long term missions beyond low Earth orbit, where resupply is significantly more difficult and costly, open loop ARS, like Sabatier, consume inputs such as hydrogen. The Bosch process, on the other hand, has the potential to achieve complete loop closure and is hence a preferred choice. However, current single stage Bosch reactor designs suffer from a large recycle penalty due to slow reaction rates and the inherent limitation in approaching thermodynamic equilibrium. Developmental efforts are seeking to improve upon the efficiency (hence reducing the recycle penalty) of current single stage Bosch reactors which employ traditional steel wool catalysts. Precision Combustion, Inc. (PCI), with support from NASA, has investigated the potential for utilizing catalysts supported over short-contact time Microlith substrates for the Bosch reaction to achieve faster reaction rates, higher conversions, and a reduced recycle flows. Proof-of-concept testing was accomplished for a staged Bosch process by splitting the chemistry in two separate reactors, first being the reverse water-gas-shift (RWGS) and the second being the carbon formation reactor (CFR) via hydrogenation and/or Boudouard. This paper presents the results from this feasibility study at various operating conditions.

关键词：二氧化碳；生命支持系统；氧气；二氧化碳去除；加氢

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The Renewable Energy Testing Center (RETC) focuses on testing and validating renewable energy technologies related to biomass feedstock, with a particular focus on biofuels for transportation. The Renewable Energy Testing Center program also focuses on supporting relevant and emerging renewable energy technologies in the cellulosic waste, biomass-to-energy, and fuel conversion areas in support of the Department of Defense s (DOD) need for compliance with Executive Order 13423 which has set a goal for the DOD of increasing its alternative fuel consumption at least 10annually. The RETC is using Technikon s world-class research, demonstration, and deployment facility located in the greater Sacramento, California region for these initiatives.

关键词：制氢；甲烷；生物质转化；燃料电池

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The project was directed to discover new solid and liquid materials that use reversible catalytic hydrogenation as the mechanism for hydrogen capture and storage. After a short period of investigation of solid materials, the inherent advantages of storing and transporting hydrogen using liquid-phase materials focused our attention exclusively on organic liquid hydrogen carriers (liquid carriers). While liquid carriers such as decalin and methylcyclohexane were known in the literature, these carriers suffer from practical disadvantages such as the need for very high temperatures to release hydrogen from the carriers and difficult separation of the dehydrogenated carriers from the hydrogen. In this project, we were successful in using the prediction of reaction thermodynamics to discover liquid carriers that operate at temperatures up to 150 oC lower than the previously known carriers. The means for modifying the thermodynamics of liquid carriers involved the use of certain molecular structures and incorporation of elements other than carbon into the carrier structure. The temperature decrease due to the more favorable reaction thermodynamics results in less energy input to release hydrogen from the carriers. For the first time, the catalytic reaction required to release hydrogen from the carriers could be conducted with the carrier remaining in the liquid phase. This has the beneficial effect of providing a simple means to separate the hydrogen from the carrier.

关键词：二氧化碳；烃类；加氢；催化剂；乙烯

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This report presents results of system evaluations and lifecycle cost analyses performed for several different commercial-scale high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) hydrogen production concepts. The concepts presented in this report rely on grid electricity and non-nuclear high-temperature process heat sources for the required energy inputs. The HYSYS process analysis software was used to evaluate both central plant designs for large-scale hydrogen production (50,000 kg/day or larger) and forecourt plant designs for distributed production and delivery at about 1,500 kg/day. The HYSYS software inherently ensures mass and energy balances across all components and it includes thermodynamic data for all chemical species. The optimized designs described in this report are based on analyses of process flow diagrams that included realistic representations of fluid conditions and component efficiencies and operating parameters for each of the HTE hydrogen production configurations analyzed. As with previous HTE system analyses performed at the INL, a custom electrolyzer model was incorporated into the overall process flow sheet. This electrolyzer model allows for the determination of the average Nernst potential, cell operating voltage, gas outlet temperatures, and electrolyzer efficiency for any specified inlet steam, hydrogen, and sweep-gas flow rates, current density, cell active area, and external heat loss or gain. The lifecycle cost analyses were performed using the H2A analysis methodology developed by the Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program. This methodology utilizes spreadsheet analysis tools that require detailed plant performance information (obtained from HYSYS), along with financial and cost information to calculate lifecycle costs. There are standard default sets of assumptions that the methodology uses to ensure consistency when comparing the cost of different production or plant design options. However, these assumptions may also be varied within the spreadsheets when better information is available or to allow the performance of sensitivity studies. The selected reference plant design for this study was a 1500 kg/day forecourt hydrogen production plant operating in the thermal-neutral mode. The plant utilized industrial natural gas-fired heaters to provide process heat, and grid electricity to supply power to the electrolyzer modules and system components. Modifications to the reference design included replacing the gas-fired heaters with electric resistance heaters, changing the operating mode of the electrolyzer (to operate below the thermal-neutral voltage), and considering a larger 50,000 kg/day central hydrogen production plant design.

关键词：电解；制氢；电流密度；电力；能源平衡

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Post-deposition hydrogenation by remote plasma significantly improves performance of heteroepitaxial silicon (Si) solar cells. Heteroepitaxial deposition of thin crystal Si on sapphire for photovoltaics (PV) is an excellent model system for developing the PV technology platform of film c-Si on inexpensive Al2O3-coated (100) biaxially-textured metal foils. Without hydrogenation PV conversion efficiencies are less than 1in our model system, due to carrier recombination at electrically-active dislocations and other growth defects. Hydrogenation dramatically improves performance, with low-temperature hydrogenation at 350C being more effective than hydrogenation at 610C. Spectral quantum efficiency, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and vibrational Si-Hx Raman spectroscopy measurements elucidate the effects of hydrogenation on the materials and devices. Quantum efficiency increases at wavelengths >400 nm, indicating hydrogenation is mostly affecting the bulk of the cells. SIMS detects nearly 100 times more hydrogen atoms in our cells than available dangling bonds along all dislocations. Yet, Raman spectroscopy indicates that only low temperature hydrogenation creates Si-Hx bonds; trapped hydrogen does not stably passivate dangling-bond recombination sites at high temperatures.

关键词：太阳能电池;缺陷;脱位;加氢;光电转换

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