NASA pushes telerobotics to distances that span the Solar System. At this scale, time of flight for communication is limited by the speed of light, inducing long time delays, narrow bandwidth and the real risk of data disruption. NASA also supports missions where humans are in direct contact with robots during extravehicular activity (EVA), giving a range of zero to hundreds of millions of miles for NASA s definition of "tele". . Another temporal variable is mission phasing. NASA missions are now being considered that combine early robotic phases with later human arrival, then transition back to robot only operations. Robots can preposition, scout, sample or construct in advance of human teammates, transition to assistant roles when the crew are present, and then become care-takers when the crew returns to Earth. This paper will describe advances in robot safety and command interaction approaches developed to form effective human-robot teams, overcoming challenges of time delay and adapting as the team transitions from robot only to robots and crew. The work is predicated on the idea that when robots are alone in space, they are still part of a human-robot team acting as surrogates for people back on Earth or in other distant locations. Software, interaction modes and control methods will be described that can operate robots in all these conditions. A novel control mode for operating robots across time delay was developed using a graphical simulation on the human side of the communication, allowing a remote supervisor to drive and command a robot in simulation with no time delay, then monitor progress of the actual robot as data returns from the round trip to and from the robot. Since the robot must be responsible for safety out to at least the round trip time period, the authors developed a multi layer safety system able to detect and protect the robot and people in its workspace. This safety system is also running when humans are in direct contact with the robot, so it involves both internal fault detection as well as force sensing for unintended external contacts. The designs for the supervisory command mode and the redundant safety system will be described. Specific implementations were developed and test results will be reported. Experiments were conducted using terrestrial analogs for deep space missions, where time delays were artificially added to emulate the longer distances found in space.

关键词：光机电；机器人；美国宇航局计划；太阳能系统

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关键词：家电；电商平台

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2013 年，受国内经济增长乏力影响，我国电力设备制造业发展速度有所放慢。从供求看，发电设备和输变电设备发展出现分化，其中受电源投资放缓影响发电设备产量出现下降，而主要输变电设备在电网建设加速带动下产量稳步增长；从投资看，下游需求的疲软导致企业投资动力不足，行业固定资产投资增速明显放慢。但值得欣喜的是，国家行业结构优化升级政策效果初显，行业效益有所回升，行业主营业务收入和利润增速有所提高。综合来看，预计2014 年，电力设备制造业下游需求将继续改善，出口将稳步增长，同时在政府调控和市场倒逼机制作用下，行业结构将持续优化。但也要看到，未来行业产能过剩的状况将依然存在，低价竞争仍会是企业市场竞争的重要手段，大部分电力设备制造企业经营效益依然会低位徘徊，行业未来发展形势依然较为严峻。

关键词：电力设备；低效能电机；高效能电机；市场分析

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Contrary to the assumptions underlying many current robot systems, teaching is an interactive process where the tutor needs to be continuously informed about the learner's internal states of understanding and perception. In an open ended learning situation this interaction can not be pre-modelled as the aspects that need clarification can not be foreseen. However, standard approaches do exactly this: they pre-define interactions by coupling system states with dialog acts. In our approach we target at losening this coupling between system and dialog states by providing general task and interaction patterns and means to relate them to each other. By this approach we are now able to provide on the one hand a dialog system that is relatively easily adaptable to new scenarios and on the other hand mixed-initiative interactions that allow the system to inform the tutor about internal representations when they become important for the interaction.

关键词：光机电；机器人；人机交互

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NDT equipment is used to examine or evaluate the properties of an object, material, or system without damaging it. This equipment is used in various applications, including weld verification and structural mechanics, across industries such as Automotive, Aerospace, Oil and Gas, and Power Generation. The Global NDT Equipment market is growing at a steady pace and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.92 percent during the period 2013-2018. The majority of the market growth stems from North America, followed by Europe. The production of NDT equipment systems has recently gained momentum because of growing demand for such equipment.

关键词：无损检测设备；检查；评价；材料；系统；特性

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关键词：光机电；机器人；自发服务

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To investigate robot Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) in the unknown environment, the non-linear Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) SLAM algorithm is applied to solve the problem concerning the statistical property mutation of a system. The key point of this algorithm is to use non-linear Gaussian model to approximate non-linear and non-Gaussian model so that robot Simultaneous Localization and Mapping can be achieved. Each model employs the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm to linearize the non-linear system and uses the non-linear Interacting Multiple Model algorithm in each step to get fusion estimated value. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better estimate precision.

关键词：光机电；机器人；自动控制系统；非线性；交互多模型

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In the field of service robotics there is a high demand for high quality models of all the objects a service robot should be capable of handling. This is especially true for geometrical representations of objects that can be used for visualization and simulation. The acquisition of such models can be done using the sensors available on the robot or can be generated off line using specialized hardware. Currently the latter approach yields qualitatively better results for onboard sensors are still limited. In project DESIRE high quality models were needed to train the vision system as well as the manipulation capabilities of the demonstrator, thus a specialized sensor setup was constructed and used to generate 2D and 3D object models.

关键词：光机电；机器人；建瓯；服务性

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A mascot robot system based on fuzzy inference is developed for casual information recommendation in a home environment. The system is an Internet-based intelligent robotic environment that assists human by information retrieval and presenting recommendation with casual communication. It consists of five eye robots that present friendly mentality expression, speech recognition modules, an information recommendation engine that recommends information to human by taking into account the current situation, and a server that supervises the whole system. In addition, a fuzzy logic based multi-modal gesture recognition system is added based on, where both web camera images and hand motion data (given by a 3D acceleration sensor put on human wrists) are used to notify the emotion of humans to robots in real time. These components are networked and integrated hierarchically based on RT (Robot Technology) middleware. The subjective estimation using psychological scale has been conducted for 11 subjects. Since the results of the subjective estimation shows 3.08 and 2.62, the validity of the fuzzy interpersonal motions expression has been confirmed. The proposed mascot robot system provides informative support to human through casual communication in a home environment.

关键词：光机电；机器人；模糊控制技术；系统

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Over the last few years, the interest in studying the Artificial Immune System (AIS) is increasing because of its properties such as uniqueness, recognition of foreigners, anomaly detection, distributed detection, noise tolerance, reinforcement learning and memory. Previous research work has proved that AIS model can apply to behavior-based robotics, but implementation of idiotypic selection in these fields are very few.The present research aims to implement a simple system architecture for a mobile robot navigation problem working with artificial immune system based on the idiotypic effects among the antibodies and the antigens. In this architecture environmental conditions are modeled as antigens and the set of action strategies by the mobile robot are treated as antibodies. These antibodies are selected on the basis of providing the robot with the ability to move in a number of different directions by avoiding obstacles in its environment. Simulation results showed that the robot is capable to reach goal effectively by avoiding obstacles and escape traps in its maze environment.

关键词：光机电；机器人；人工免疫系统；免疫网络；机器人导航

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