The building sector consumes a large part of the energy used in the United States and is responsible for nearly 40of greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore economically and environmentally important to reduce the building energy consumption to realize massive energy savings. In this paper, a method to control room temperature in buildings is proposed. The approach is based on a distributed parameter model represented by a three dimensional (3D) heat equation in a room with heater/cooler located at ceiling. The latter is resolved using finite element methods, and results in a model for room temperature with thousands of states. The latter is not amenable to control design. A reduced order model of only few states is then derived using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). A Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is computed based on the reduced model, and applied to the full order model to control room temperature.

关键词：高效节能；能源消耗；控制系统；建筑物；天花板；冷却

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Building high performance homes (HPHs) that are energy efficient, durable, comfortable, and safe requires more than knowledge of building science principles. It also requires the ability to properly design, specify, install, and startup/commission new technologies and systems. Quality management systems (QMSs) provide the infrastructure necessary to ensure repeatability and to manage continual improvement to increase first time quality, reduce warranty, and increase customer satisfaction. QMSs are therefore needed as the industry shifts from conventional homes to HPHs, and ultimately to state-of-the-art homes such those meeting the U.S. Department of Energy's Challenge Home criteria. As builders and remodelers strive to build HPHs, QMS is emerging as a critical need for implementing complex, whole-house changes to the conventional design and construction processes. However, residential QMSs have most often been designed for new home construction. To address quality in existing homes in the form of scopes of work (SOWs), the NAHB Research Center began with a new construction SOW and applied it to an existing home project.

关键词：高效节能；狭小空间；质量管理；住宅建筑；改造

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GED Integrated Solutions collaborated with US window and door manufactures to investigate, design and verify technical and cost feasibility for producing high performance, high volume, low material and labor cost window, utilizing a modified window design containing a triple insulating glass unit (IGU). This window design approach when combined with a high volume IGU manufacturing system, can produce R5 rated windows for an approximate additional consumer cost of only $4/ft. when compared to conventional Low-E argon dual pane IG windows, resulting in a verify practical, reliable and affordable high performance window for public use.

关键词：高效节能；自动化；门；玻璃；绝缘材料；制造；视窗

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The Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), and Northwest Energy Works, the current Northwest Energy Efficient Manufactured Housing Program (NEEM) administrator, collaborated to conduct research on new specifications that would improve on the energy requirements of a NEEM home. The team also evaluated energy savings that would result from the new specifications. In its role as administrator, NEEM administers the technical specs, performs research and engineering analysis, implements ongoing construction quality management procedures, and maintains a central database with home tracking. For this project, researchers asked three questions: 1) Which measures could be built into a NEEM home to achieve a 50reduction in space conditioning, lighting, and water heating energy use, compared with usage levels resulting from the current specifications. 2) What are the challenges in building a high performance manufactured home (HPMH). 3) What are the modeled energy savings of an HPMH.

关键词：高效节能、手机之家、建筑、暖通空调系统、照明系统、研究项目、规格、水加热

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Construction paints and coatings refer to any liquid surface covering applied on the interior or exterior structure of a building for decorative or protective purpose.

关键词：建筑；油漆和涂料；装饰或保护

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An advanced energy management and control system in an existing building in the Construction and Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) for Army at Urbana-Champaign (IL) was demonstrated. The medium-size office building underwent a retrofit of the HVAC system and controls employing a technology called optimal Model Predictive Control (MPC) which offers significant potential for saving energy by providing a means to dynamically optimize various sub-systems to take advantage of building utilization and weather patterns, and utility rate structures. A multi-variable optimization problem to minimize energy consumption and cost while guaranteeing zonal comfort over a 3 hour predictive horizon was formulated and solved periodically on line. The algorithms were integrated with the building automation system and evaluated experimentally at the demonstration site. A 45-50reduction in HVAC system energy use was demonstrated while improving occupant comfort. A 10-15installation cost reduction was accomplished due to the use of a robust wireless sensor network versus a fully wired network.

关键词：建筑节能；算法；控制系统；节能建筑；通信网络

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This report provides analysis of the Russian energy efficiency market for the building sector from the perspective of U.S. businesses interested in exporting relevant technologies, products and experience to Russia. We aim to help U.S. energy efficiency and environmental technologies businesses to better understand the Russian building market to plan their market strategy.

关键词：建筑节能；市场；俄罗斯；节能建筑

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The primary objectives of this project are to demonstrate: (1) energy efficiency gains achievable in small- to medium-sized buildings with MPC- based whole-building optimal control and (2) reduction in first costs achievable with a wireless sensor network (WSN)-based building heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) control system compared to a conventional wired system. The second objective is key because first cost is a barrier to wider application of advanced HVAC control and 70of the first cost is attributed to installation (wiring) and commissioning.

关键词：建筑节能；节能建筑；空调设备；控制系统；通信网络

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The main objective of this project was to identify the causes of longitudinal cracking in newly placed concrete deck segments adjacent to bridge deck expansion dam rehabilitations within District 3-0 of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT). This objective was accomplished through three tasks. (1) A literature review of the potential causes of early-age cracking in restrained concrete elements, including bridge deck dams and concrete repair sections, was conducted. This task also included a survey of bridge engineers in other PennDOT districts and several other state DOTs and municipalities with regard to concrete bridge deck rehabilitation operations and occurrence of concrete early-age cracking. (2) A review of current PennDOT specifications related to bridge deck construction and rehabilitation was undertaken. This task compared current PennDOT requirements regarding concrete materials, structural/ reinforcement design, and construction operations with the recommendations from the literature review and survey of other transportation agencies and, when needed, suggested modifications to the current PennDOT specifications. In addition, three past and two active bridge deck rehabilitation projects within PennDOT Districts 2-0 and 3-0 were reviewed and inspected to evaluate their compliance with existing PennDOT specifications and literature recommendations to eliminate early-age cracking. (3) A comprehensive experimental evaluation of the material properties of three concrete mixtures commonly used for PennDOT bridge deck projects was performed to evaluate the early- and long-term performance and the risk of cracking of these mixtures. The three mixtures included AAA, HPC, and AAA-P. The following main conclusions were drawn from Tasks 1, 2, and 3 of the project. (a) The most likely causes of early cracking observed in deck rehabilitation projects are inadequate moist curing and failure to properly eliminate plastic shrinkage cracking during construction. In several occasions, it was found that the existing PennDOT specifications for proper water curing of concrete and monitoring of ambient conditions to minimize the evaporation rate from the surface of fresh concrete were not correctly followed. (b) The review of the three past deck rehabilitation projects show that the design of shrinkage and temperature steel reinforcement had been adequate and should not result in early-age cracking. (c) The existing PennDOT concrete mixtures AAA, HPC, and AAA-P can yield adequate performance in the field, provided that they are placed, consolidated, and cured properly. (d) A number of suggested modifications to the current PennDOT specifications are included in this report to minimize the risk of early-age cracking in concrete bridge deck construction and rehabilitation projects.

关键词：修复；混凝土

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Significant federal involvement in solar building technology began with a series of acts of Congress passed in 1974; the Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act; the Energy Reorganization Act; the Solar Energy Research, Development and Demonstration Act; and the Federal Non-Nuclear Energy Research and Development Act. These acts established programs for solar-related research and development in various fields. In 1977, the Department of Energy Reorganization Act established DOE and placed all solar energy programs under its authority. Over the years, the DOE Solar Buildings Technology Program has developed in response to the needs of the building industry and to opportunities opened up by new technology. From 1974 to 1980, a wide range of federal solar activities existed, including scientific research on many different fronts, demonstration projects, market research, design assistance, community programs, professional education, and public information. Since 1980, a smaller federal solar research and development program has emphasized new technology. The Solar Buildings Technology Program currently includes research and development programs in both active and passive solar; this overview focuses on activities in the latter.

关键词：太阳能建筑；被动式太阳能供暖系统；风险评估；太阳能空间加热

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