Networks include switches, routers, firewalls, and middleboxes with different types of events occurring simultaneously. Computer networks are dynamic and complex, making it a challenging task to configure and manage them. NMS helps the end-users to control a complex data network to maximize its efficiency and productivity. The parameters in network devices, such as routers and switches, need to be monitored. The parameters are as follows

A sensor is a device that measures or responds to physical changes in the environment and converts the signals appropriately. Sensors that use magnetic fields to sense changes in the environment are known as magnetic field sensors. The applications for magnetic sensors mainly include speed sensing, motion sensing, and direction sensing. These sensors have found application in different sectors such as the automotive, wireless and consumer electronics, industrial, military, energy, medical, and data processing. Non-optical sensors essentially measure forms of mechanical stress over the subjects and do not use light as a medium.

OLED is a carbon-based diode, which is placed between a cathode and an anode. It produces light when electricity is passed through the conductors, namely the cathode and the anode. Unlike LCD, the OLED display technology does not require backlight and filters as the light emitted from the OLED is sufficient for a bright display. This makes the OLED display more energy efficient compared to its LCD counterparts. The OLEDs are made with different layers of carbon-based films to emit light, where the number of layers depends on the display requirement. The standard number of layers is three, consisting of red, blue, and green (RGB) colors. A fewer number of display layers and space saved by removing the backlight makes the OLED display panels not only sleek but also has the benefit of enhanced picture quality on screen.

An OLED emits light in response to an electric current. In an OLED, the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound, which is responsible for the emission of light on application of electricity. OLEDs are used to create digital displays in various electronic applications such as TV screens, PC monitors, mobile phones, and gaming consoles. An OLED can display deep black levels on screens and is lighter and thinner when compared to a light-emitting diode (LED). An OLED achieves a higher contrast ratio than an LED in low ambient light conditions such as a dark room. The following exhibit represents the history and evolution of OLED.

Diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma can cause blindness. Hence, in many developed countries such as the US and the UK, governments conduct routine eye screening programs that helped reduce the number of blind people. According to the Government of the UK in March 2014, every year 2.5 million people are invited for screening. Government data in 2014 found that around 74,000 people were referred for hospital eye services. Among which, 4,600 people were suffering from diabetes and were sent to specialty services to prevent sight loss.

The global optical imaging market is witnessing continuous technological developments and product innovations. The Americas was the major revenue contributor to the global optical imaging market in 2016, with the US dominating the market in the region. It was followed by EMEA. There is, however, a huge opportunity for the market in APAC to rise at a faster rate and increase its revenue contribution during the forecast period.

As the data over a fiber-optic network is transferred using light, the speed offered is immense when compared to the copper network infrastructure. The electrons used in copper wires travel at less than 1% of the speed of light, whereas photons used in fiber-optic connections travel at approximately 70% of the speed of light.

An optocoupler is essentially a passive optical component that can split or combine optical power transmission data from optical fibers. Furthermore, the optocoupler is designed to transfer electrical signals through light waves to enable coupling with electrical isolation between input and output. An optocoupler primarily prevents the fluctuation in voltages, from damaging or distorting transmission components on both sides of the circuit. An optocoupler has a light source, mostly near a LED that converts the electrical input signal into light, a photosensor, and a closed optical channel that detects incoming light and regulates electric current flowing from an external power supply. The sensor can either be a silicon-controlled rectifier, a photoresistor, a phototransistor, a photodiode, or a triac.

According to Orphan Drug Designation program of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), orphan diseases are defined as rare diseases that affects less than 2,00,000 Americans. The global orphan drugs market is expected to benefit from patent extensions like Orphan Drug Exclusivity (ODE), increasing focus of vendors on orphan drug products, and financial incentives provided by government in form of tax credits and waived FDA fees. For instance, the FDA grants a seven-year patent exclusivity to orphan drugs to treat a rare disease. Therefore, any other drug with the same indication cannot be approved by the FDA during these seven-years period. In addition, they also provide tax credits up to 50% of the total R&D cost after the drug receives the orphan drug designation. This credit can be used by the sponsor during the R&D phase of any drug irrespective of the drug designation. The orphan designated drugs are also exempted from paying the FDA fees. Thus, these financial incentives and grants for orphan drug attract many vendors to invest in developing drugs for rare diseases and make huge profits.

With the developments in the orthopedic market, there has been an emergence of product offerings, which facilitate robotic and computer-assisted surgeries. Such products are gaining traction due to the increase in the demand for musculoskeletal disorders across all the age groups, and the increased demand for procedures that enhance precision and eliminate any revisions. As opposed to open surgeries, the forecast period is expected to see a burgeoning demand for minimally invasive surgeries (MIS), which improve functional outcomes and reduce recovery times and hospital stays for patients.