Second smallest market in the CEE region. Per capita spending is well below the CEE average. Market will record moderate single-digit CAGR in local currency terms. Consumables and other medical devices have the largest market shares. Most requirements need to be imported; the US and Germany are major partners. Weak and undercapitalised domestic production sector. Relatively strong hospital sector, although the need for modernisation is great. • EU negotiations began in December 2015; 12 chapters have been opened to date.

Increasing plastics demand from various end-use industries such as construction, automotive and packaging is expected to drive the global market growth over the forecast period. Increasing requirement for consumer specific physical and chemical properties is expected to strengthen the growth trend over the forecast period. Global plastic additives market volume was estimated at 13,183.3 kilo tons in 2014 and is expected to reach 18,352.9 kilo tons by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 4.5% from 2015 to 2022.

The Supreme Council for Petroleum and Mineral Resources has been absorbed within the Council of Economic Development, which is headed by the Deputy Crown Prince, Mohamed bin Salman. The national oil company, Saudi Aramco, has been separated from the Ministry of Petroleum & Mineral Resources. Saudi Aramco is under the supervision of the Supreme Council of the Saudi Aramco Oil Company (SCSA). The SCSA is formed of 10 members: five from the board of Aramco and five others. The SCSA is chaired by the Deputy Crown Prince Mohamed bin Salman.

Although South Africa's wider food industry is comfortably Africa's most advanced, the market remains some way behind most developed states when it comes to organics. Food production is a major manufacturing sector, accounting for about 15% of overall domestic production. The sector is highly competitive, with more than 1,800 food production companies. However, 10 large players dominate the industry, accounting for 68% of total turnover.

Oil wealth has facilitated development of sophisticated healthcare system. The largest medical device market in the Middle East and Africa region. Market size reduced and market forecast revised upwards in December 2017. Reliant on imports, primarily from the US and Western Europe. Other medical devices and consumables have large market shares. improving regulations, which are approaching standards seen in developed states. Limited direct presence of multinational companies.

Saudi Arabia's construction industry remains largely dominated by domestic firms, many of which have close ties to the government and are often first in line for major public contracts. Foreign firms are gradually gaining market shares, with South Korean and US firms targeting industrial projects while several major European firms are involved in transport and energy projects. The broad range of projects in the pipeline does mean opportunities are present for domestic and international firms, although the latter will be presented with challenges in the form of a restrictive operating environment.

Largest medical device market in the Central & Eastern Europe (CEE) region. Per capita spending is low for the CEE region.Market will record moderate growth in US dollar terms. Other medical devices and diagnostic imaging have the largest market shares. The government has increased the number of medical devices subject to import restrictions, which could negatively impact the sales of foreign manufacturers. Import shares may fall by 2020, in accordance with the Ministry of Industry and Trade's import substitution plan, which aims to reduce the import shares of 111 groups of medical devices. The greatest opportunities exist around the major cities of Moscow and St Petersburg, where most companies are based and per capita incomes are well above the national average.

Romania is one of the largest pharmaceutical markets in the Central and Eastern European region. However, its low per capita medicine expenditure reflects its relative lack of development compared to its more prominent Central European peers such as Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary. As such, growth opportunities are significant.

Eighth largest Central & Eastern European (CEE) market. Per capita spending is below the CEE average. The market will grow by a high US dollar CAGR. • Other medical devices and diagnostic imaging have the largest market shares. There is little local production, so much of the market is largely reliant on imports. The health sector is historically underdeveloped, poorly funded and poorly managed. Growing private healthcare sector. Continued World Bank support should maintain progress in developing the health sector. One of the CEE region's most populous countries.

Small but sophisticated medical device market. Imports supply most of the market. Other medical devices and diagnostic imaging have the largest market shares. High per capita spending in the Middle East Africa region. High single-digit market CAGR driven by the National Health Strategy.