This document presents the original research programs on the space medicine and the medical engneering. It includes the literature review.

关键词：医药；航天医学；医学工程；空间环境

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Photomedicine technologies can provide practical and cost-effective solutions for many military medical problems. This report contains results of twelve projects undertaken by researchers in the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at Massachusetts General Hospital. Seven projects focus on battlefield-related trauma and environmental exposure, and seek methods to preserve life and health by developing diagnostics and therapeutics. Five projects are directed to repair and replacement of tissue with the goal of salvaging tissue and improving rehabilitation.

关键词：医药；军事医学；生物光子学

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The research the National Cancer Institute (NCI) supports, both in our own laboratories and at institutions worldwide, is focused on the ultimate goal of helping cancer patients. That mission achieved through rigorous science extends to NCIs program on complementary and alternative medicine, also known as CAM. Among the highlights of NCIs CAM-related activities in fiscal year (FY) 2010, was the collaboration between NCI, the National Institutes of Healths Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) to co-fund two Botanical Research Centers. The Botanical Research Centers Program aims to promote collaborative, integrated, interdisciplinary study of botanicals, particularly those found as ingredients in dietary supplements, and to conduct research with high potential for being translated into practical benefits for human health.

关键词：医药；医学研究；癌症；治疗；疾病防治

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The study was designed to identify clinically accessible molecular biomarkers of traumatic brain injury (TBI) prior to definitive clinical diagnosis using high throughput microRNA technology. Specifically, these studies were meant to identify, characterize, and validate microRNA biomarker species whose content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) could help to distinguish TBI cases from the Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) veteran population. During the past years, we conducted a Biomarker Discovery study using a high-throughput Array chip platform and identified 18 candidate TBI small RNA biomarkers. Using independent Q-PCR assays, we confirmed that 13 of these candidate small RNA biomarker species are, indeed, significantly down-regulated in PBMC of TBI compared to non-TBI control veteran cases. Additionally, we used unsupervised clustering analysis and demonstrated that the differential regulation of these small RNA biomarkers in clinically accessible blood cells is capable of distinguishing between TBI and non-TBI OEF/OIF veteran cases. Lastly, we identified a 3-biomarker panel capable of distinguishing TBI from non-TBI control veteran cases with 89accuracy 82selectivity and
78specificity. The majority of TBI cases in our biomarker study were co-morbid with PTSD, and our non-TBI control cases were selected to match for PTSD diagnosis. Thus, our identified panel of 13 small RNA biomarkers likely represents biological indices selective for TBI. During the past year, we recruited 13 new cases (6 TBI and 7 non-TBI cases). Together with the cases recruited in previous years, we currently have a total of 83 cases, comprised of 17 TBI and 66 non-TBI control cases, which are available for Biomarker Validation studies.

关键词：医药；血细胞；创伤性脑损伤；临床医学；创伤性休克；退伍军人

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While it is praiseworthy that the Army has acknowledged the value of Integrative Medicine (IM) in its Pain Management Task Force Final Report (2010), its vision for this enabler remains limited. IM is seen as having a place only in specialty care; IM research, while ongoing, is not centrally directed; and the Office of the Surgeon General lacks a voice that can speak for IM. Since IM offers the ability to reduce health care costs and improve Soldier resiliency, Army Medicine needs a vision for IM that will enable its full potential. The Patient-Centered Medical Home concept offers an opportunity to integrate IM into primary care; and a Consultant to The Surgeon General could insure both that IM research moves in the directions that the enterprise needs, and that IM has a champion at the highest levels of the organization. Once a strategic vision is in place, the Army can fully utilize IM’s ability to improve the care of its patients. The Army should also strongly consider a demonstration project of an IM-based clinic to prove this concept, and provide real-world cost and outcome data to guide further progress.

关键词：医药；医疗保健；医疗；中西结合疗法；军事医学

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This whitepaper shows that it is now technically possible to reliably store and analyze 1 million genomes and related clinical and pathological data, which would match the demand for 2014. Moreover, thanks to advances in cloud computing, it is surprisingly affordable: multiple estimates agree on a technology cost of about $25 a year per genome.While the focus is on technology, to be thorough, this whitepaper touches on high-level policy issues as well as low-level details about statistics and the price of computer memory to cover the scope of the issues that a million cancer genome warehouse raises.

关键词：基因组测序；基因组；生物医学；内存覆盖；云计算；软件；硬件

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