1. Understand the concept of architectural styles and patterns 2. Understand the importance and role of architectural patterns in architectural designs 3. Identify, understand, and apply the major types of architectural patterns 4. Understand the quality benefits associated with using different architectural patterns.

关键词：电子信息；软件；体系结构；模式

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In this study, the components important for testing work and organizational test process are identified and analyzed. This work focuses on the testing activities in real-life software organizations, identifying the important test process components, observing testing work in practice, and analyzing how the organizational test process could be developed. Software professionals from 14 different software organizations were interviewed in several phases to collect data on organizational test process and testing-related factors. Moreover, additional data on organizational aspects were collected with a survey conducted on 31 organizations. These data were further analyzed with the Grounded Theory method to identify the important test process components, and to observe how real-life test organizations develop their testing activities. The test management at the project level is an important factor; the organizations do have sufficient test resources available, but they are not necessarily applied efficiently. In addition, organizations in general are reactive; they develop their process mainly to correct problems, not to enhance their efficiency or output quality. The results of this study allows organizations to have a better understanding of the test processes, and develop toward better practices and a culture of preventing problems, not reacting to them.

关键词：电子信息；软件；测试流程；开发

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This chapter presents a single multiplicative neuron model for predicting software failure has been proposed. Standard back propagation and real coded genetic algorithm with mean squarer error as a fitness function are used for optimizing the parameters. The performance of the proposed model is validated using some real software failure data. A comparative study between some existing software reliability models and the proposed model is presented using different comparison criteria.

关键词：电子信息；软件；可靠性；SMN

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This paper contains my memories on how did I arrive to field of fuzziness and personal views on present stage and expectation on fuzziness. Main message is: go back to roots and start with real world problems, large scale data and solutions like L. A. Zadeh did 50 years ago in his applications which emerged into fuzzy theory. I will illustrate these on some examples from software engineering applications, especially mining user preferences (in the form of fuzzy functions) for web search. The perspective is to develop reliable measurement of fuzzy sets and operators for commercial use (control and web applications are different).

关键词：电子信息；软件；模糊性

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Software product line engineering is an approach to cost-efficiently derive tailored products to markets and customers, utilizing common components and services in a planned manner. Product lines have been applied to other engineering fields for decades, while being quite recently introduced in software engineering. For software product lines, productivity gains are mostly related to the development process. Especially, software product line testing faces challenges in the vast number of versions and variants of software products to be tested, originating from a software product line, and consequently the risk for redundant testing. The testing challenges resemble those of regression testing in one-off software development, although adding the complexity of parallel variants. Ongoing research provide some support for software product line test selection, although they are too small-scale and require more formalism than generally available in practice. We propose a visualization approach to help test managers improve communication about testing in order to utilize test resources efficiently.

关键词：电子信息；软件；回归测试

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This paper describes the concept and some preliminary experiments of extension of the sitIT.cz portal - the social network of the ICT specialists in Czech Republic. SitIT.cz interconnects ICT specialists and offers effective search according to several types of structured - machine readable - profiles. It is intended to support technology transfer, sharing information, building teams and to enable discussions, especially targeted to increase of competitiveness of R&D in ICT. Main stimulus for sitIT.cz extension came from acquaintance with software development which often needs extensive testing - not only technological but also from users' point of view. Extension can make network more attractive for both developers and users. We propose new structured profiles that can be used for evaluating software and allowing developers obtain as valuable feedback as possible. One of main outcomes of this system is creating baseline knowledge by humans for further comparison and/or training.

关键词：电子信息；软件；社交网络；测试

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In 1977 I finished my PhD Thesis on categories of stochastic machines. The main attention was paid on computing behavior, establishing equivalence of states and equivalence of stochastic machines, as well as on reduction and minimization. All these problems were solved for stochastic machines, using linear algebra: they require solving linear system of equations with traditional algebraic operations, establishing linear dependence or linear independence of vectors, Noetherian property. After 19801 was interested in similar problems, but for finite fuzzy machines.

关键词：电子信息；软件；模糊关系方程；应用

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The paper deals with a new model description of software reliability growth dynamics. The model is applicable to multi-stage reliability growth that covers the complex defect detection rate and is based on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference engine The identification procedure determines model structure in real time based on evolving clustering algorithm. The clusters are discovered according to Gustafson-Kessel distance metric that copes with clusters of different shape and orientation. The developed model is validated through a case-study data set.

关键词：电子信息；软件；模糊性建模；可靠性

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Software failure time have been proposed in the literature exhibit either constant, monotonic increasing or monotonic decreasing. For data analysis of software reliability model trend analysis was developed. The methods of trend analysis are arithmetic mean test and Laplace trend test. Trend analysis only offers information of outline content. In this paper, we discuss failure time case of failure time censoring, and predict the future failure time using nonlinear regression models (growth, Logistic and weighted type) which error terms for each other are different. The proposed prediction method used the failure time for the prediction using nonlinear regression model. Model selection, using the coefficient of determination and the mean square error, were presented for effective comparison.

关键词：电子信息；软件；非线性回归；预测

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Cybercrime is costly both for businesses and consumers. Criminals can have different purposes, such as financial winnings, defacement and disruption, which not only cause financial loss but also damage organization's reputation and image. To prevent a number of cybercrimes and simple mistakes, such as not insuring that all traffic into and out of a network pass through firewall, security of e-commerce systems should be considered from the very beginning, i.e. early stage of the e-commerce software development. This is due to software vulnerabilities are a huge security problem. Therefore, to enhance security of e-commerce software, we propose the use of multi-agent system. The research in this paper is focused mainly on the design of agents that provide support to engineers during development process. Moreover, the multi-agent system, presented in this research, supports implementation of patterns and extraction of security information, and provides traceability of security requirements in the engineering process.

关键词：电子信息；软件；电子商务；安全性

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