The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) has developed a high-pressure hydrogen production system that reforms a liquid organic feedstock and water at operating pressures up to 800 bar (approx. 12,000 psig). The advantages of this system include the elimination of energy-intensive hydrogen compression, a smaller process footprint, and the elimination of gaseous or liquid hydrogen transport. This system could also potentially enable distributed hydrogen production from centralized coal. Processes have been investigated to gasify coal and then convert the syngas into alcohol or alkanes. These alcohols and alkanes could then be easily transported in bulk to distributed high-pressure water-reforming (HPWR)-based systems to deliver hydrogen economically. The intent of this activity was to utilize the EERC's existing HPWR hydrogen production process, previously designed and constructed in a prior project phase, as a basis to improve operational and production performance of an existing demonstration unit. Parameters to be pursued included higher hydrogen delivery pressure, higher hydrogen production rates, and the ability to refill within a 5-minute time frame.

关键词：制氢；燃料电池；汽车；醇类；烷烃

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Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) have gone through a rapid development in recent years with progress on each of the steps from research to deployment to validation. Many believe they will be an integral element to reducing pollution and green house gasses and achieving better energy security as there is global pressure to reduce fossil fuel consumption. Production and delivery of hydrogen is vital to commercialization of FCEVs. Currently about 95of the hydrogen produced in the U.S. is made by steam methane reforming of natural gas. However, renewable production of hydrogen using electricity from wind, solar, or other renewable sources could be an important fuel pathway for control of regional air pollution and national greenhouse gas emissions. As a case study we have chosen the Los Angeles (LA) area because of the California history of regulations and initiatives that target air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and specifically seek to promote hydrogen as a transportation fuel. California regions (LA, San Francisco/Sacramento) lead the U.S. in the 2015 planned commercial deployment of FCEVs by a number of major manufacturers. In 2006, the California Senate passed Bill 1505 (SB 1505) which mandates the California Air Resource Board (CARB) to set environmental standards for hydrogen production. A specific criterion of SB 1505 alongside reducing fuel carbon intensity and certain particulates is that a third of hydrogen must be produced by eligible renewable energy sources. It is estimated that the zero emission vehicle (ZEV) mandate will require 50 100 hydrogen refueling stations by 2017 to accommodate FCEV and hydrogen bus deployments.

关键词：风能；直接能量转换；电动汽车；燃料电池

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An electronic control system for sensorless BLDCM is proposed.Normally,the back-emf signal has coupling noise from the PWM signal which is used to vary the speed of the motor.So it is difficult to detect the zero-crossing point accurately when the motor work at low speed.In order to improve the controllability of BLDCM at low speed,a new algorithm is presented.The control system is implemented from both hardware and software parts.And the experiments verified the good control performance and dynamic characteristics of the system.

关键词：无传感器控制；DSP；无刷直流电动机；反电动势

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The project supported the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in identifying and evaluating the regulatory implications concerning the control and protection systems proposed for use in the Department of Energy's (DOE) Next-Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP). The NGNP, using modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) technology, is to provide commercial industries with electricity and high-temperature process heat for industrial processes such as hydrogen production. Process heat temperatures range from 700 to 950 C, and for the upper range of these operation temperatures, the modular HTGR is sometimes referred to as the Very High Temperature Reactor or VHTR. Initial NGNP designs are for operation in the lower temperature range. The defining safety characteristic of the modular HTGR is that its primary defense against serious accidents is to be achieved through its inherent properties of the fuel and core. Because of its strong negative temperature coefficient of reactivity and the capability of the fuel to withstand high temperatures, fast-acting active safety systems or prompt operator actions should not be required to prevent significant fuel failure and fission product release. The plant is designed such that its inherent features should provide adequate protection despite operational errors or equipment failure. Figure 1 shows an example modular HTGR layout (prismatic core version), where its inlet coolant enters the reactor vessel at the bottom, traversing up the sides to the top plenum, down-flow through an annular core, and exiting from the lower plenum (hot duct).

关键词：高温气冷堆式电抗器；控制系统；制氢

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For decentralized ordered statistics (OS) constant false alarm ration (CFAR) detection system,the parameter estimation and performance analysis in complicated detection condition is a typical nonlinear optimization problem.Owing to the nonlinear property of distributed OS-CFAR detection system,it is seriously difficult to obtain optimal threshold values using some optimization method at the fusion center.This paper provides a novel solution based on an effective and flexible particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.As a novel evolutionary computation technique,PSO has attracted much attention and wide applications,owing to its simple concept,easy implementation and quick convergence.Using this approach,all system parameters can be optimized simultaneously.The simulation results show that the proposed approach can achieve effective performances with the above method.

关键词：恒虚警比（CFAR）检测；分布有序统计恒虚警比（OS-CFAR）检测器；非线性优化；粒子群优化

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CCP is a calibration protocol based on CAN bus.It has many general-purpose features,such as high communication speed and excellent compatibility.This article introduces its basic principle,communication mode,and work mode for ECU calibration,and discusses a design method of Automobile ECU Calibration based on this protocol.The practical application results show that this calibration system can be implemented effectively on ECU of automobile system for on-line calibration,and provide custom-made function aimed at different demand of users.Therefore,it will be applied well in the automotive electronic control system.

关键词：CCP协议；CAN总线；校准系统；ECU；主/从设备

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The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) has continued the work of the National Center for Hydrogen Technology (NCHT) Program Year 6 Task 1.12 project to expose hydrogen separation membranes to coal-derived syngas. In this follow-on project, the EERC has exposed two membranes to coal-derived syngas produced in the pilot-scale transport reactor development unit (TRDU). Western Research Institute (WRI), with funding from the State of Wyoming Clean Coal Technology Program and the North Dakota Industrial Commission, contracted with the EERC to conduct testing of WRI's coal-upgrading/gasification technology for subbituminous and lignite coals in the EERC's TRDU. This gasifier fires nominally 200500 lb/hour of fuel and is the pilot-scale version of the full-scale gasifier currently being constructed in Kemper County, Mississippi. A slipstream of the syngas was used to demonstrate warm-gas cleanup and hydrogen separation using membrane technology. Two membranes were exposed to coal-derived syngas, and the impact of coal-derived impurities was evaluated. This report summarizes the performance of WRI's patent-pending coal upgrading/gasification technology in the EERC's TRDU and includes the results of the warmgas cleanup and hydrogen separation tests.

关键词：制氢；煤气化；清洁；燃料

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Computational modeling and experimental studies provide compelling evidence that displacement damage formation induced by fission neutrons and the 14.1 MeV neutrons representative of D-T fusion are quite similar. However, helium and hydrogen production levels with a D-T neutron energy spectrum are much higher. The impact of these gaseous transmutation products is a critical unresolved issue which is being addressed by combining numerical models and specialized ion and neutron irradiation experiments. Because of the uncertainties associated with both modeling and ion irradiation experiments, there is a clear need for an accessible irradiation facility that can provide near prototypic levels of helium and hydrogen. A modest range of He/dpa ratios is desirable to help calibrate and verify the modeling studies. The scientific understanding obtained would also enable more effective use of a future large-volume fusion engineering irradiation facility (such as IFMIF) when it becomes available. A conceptual level design for a fusion materials irradiation test station (FMITS) for installation at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) has been completed. Samples would be located within two horizontal tubes in front of the mercury target. For these specimen locations, the back-scattering neutron flux spectra should be close to the ITER fusion spectrum. The PKA spectra at the FMITS samples were also compared to those for ITER, and the results show good agreement. Material damage rates would be 1.65.5 dpa/yr for steel, and 1.83.4 dpa/yr for SiC.

关键词：中子源；热核聚变反应堆材料；氦；制氢

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The NGNP, which is an advanced HTGR concept with emphasis on both electricity and hydrogen production, involves helium as the coolant and a closed-cycle gas turbine for power generation with a core outlet/gas turbine inlet temperature of 750-1000 C. Alloy 617 is a prime candidate for VHTR structural components such as reactor internals, piping, and heat exchangers in view of its resistance to oxidation and elevated temperature strength. However, lack of adequate data on the performance of the alloy in welded condition prompted to initiate a creep test program at Argonne National Laboratory. In addition, Testing has been initiated to evaluate the creep rupture properties of the pressure vessel steel A508/533 in air and in helium environments. The program, which began in December 2009, was certified for quality assurance NQA-1 requirements during January and February 2010. Specimens were designed and fabricated during March and the tests were initiated in April 2010. During the past year, several creep tests were conducted in air on Alloy 617 base metal and weldment specimens at temperatures of 750, 850, and 950 C. Idaho National Laboratory, using gas tungsten arc welding method with Alloy 617 weld wire, fabricated the weldment specimens. Eight tests were conducted on Alloy 617 base metal specimens and nine were on Alloy 617 weldments.

关键词：合金;试验;冷却液;制氢;延性;电力

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The project was directed to discover new solid and liquid materials that use reversible catalytic hydrogenation as the mechanism for hydrogen capture and storage. After a short period of investigation of solid materials, the inherent advantages of storing and transporting hydrogen using liquid-phase materials focused our attention exclusively on organic liquid hydrogen carriers (liquid carriers). While liquid carriers such as decalin and methylcyclohexane were known in the literature, these carriers suffer from practical disadvantages such as the need for very high temperatures to release hydrogen from the carriers and difficult separation of the dehydrogenated carriers from the hydrogen. In this project, we were successful in using the prediction of reaction thermodynamics to discover liquid carriers that operate at temperatures up to 150 oC lower than the previously known carriers. The means for modifying the thermodynamics of liquid carriers involved the use of certain molecular structures and incorporation of elements other than carbon into the carrier structure. The temperature decrease due to the more favorable reaction thermodynamics results in less energy input to release hydrogen from the carriers. For the first time, the catalytic reaction required to release hydrogen from the carriers could be conducted with the carrier remaining in the liquid phase. This has the beneficial effect of providing a simple means to separate the hydrogen from the carrier.

关键词：氢气；吸附剂；碳；遏制；十氢萘；加氢

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