Several solution routes to low cost photovoltaic absorber materials have been explored. These routes include different ink chemistries as well as deposition and processing methods. The thin film absorber materials have been integrated into photovoltaic devices.

关键词：薄膜；光伏电池；成本；沉积；油墨

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The overall objective of this project was to develop and fabricate a multifunctional cathode with high activities in acidic electrolytes for the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions for Li-air batteries. It should enable the development of Li-air batteries that operate on hybrid electrolytes, with acidic catholytes in particular. The use of hybrid electrolytes eliminates the problems of lithium reaction with water and of lithium oxide deposition in the cathode with sole organic electrolytes. The use of acid electrolytes can eliminate carbonate formation inside the cathode, making air breathing Li-air batteries viable. The tasks of the project were focused on developing hierarchical cathode structures and bifunctional catalysts. Development and testing of a prototype hybrid Li-air battery were also conducted. We succeeded in developing a hierarchical cathode structure and an effective bifunctional catalyst. We accomplished integrating the cathode with existing anode technologies and made a pouch prototype Li-air battery using sulfuric acid as catholyte. The battery cathodes contain a nanoscale multilayer structure made with carbon nanotubes and nanofibers. The structure was demonstrated to improve battery performance substantially. The bifunctional catalyst developed contains a conductive oxide support with ultra-low loading of platinum and iridium oxides. The work performed in this project has been documented in seven peer reviewed journal publications, five conference presentations, and filing of two U.S. patents.

关键词：蓄电池；化学反应；电池阴极

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The overall goal of this study was achieved: Replicated the numerical assessment performed by Chen et. al. (2005). Displayed the ability of Thermal Desktop to be coupled with thermo-electrochemical analysis techniques. such that the local heat generated on the cells is a function of the model itself using logic blocks and arrays. Differences in the TD temperature vs. depth of discharge profiles and Chen's was most likely due to differences in two primary areas: Contact regions and conductance values. Differences in density and specific heat values. center dot The model results are highly dependent on the accuracy of the material properties with respect to the multiple layers of an individual cell.

关键词：电动电池；电化学；锂；锂电池

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The use of solar energy for mobile field operations, high altitude long endurance airships, light airship vehicles and its deployment on large scales all require its storage. Most current methods of solar storage are characterized by low energy densities; these methods therefore present formidable challenges for the implementation of solar energy in the field, on airship vehicles and on the large scale since significant weight accompanies energy storage. Conversely, fuels have energy densities that are 100 to 1000 greater than most conventional storage media, including batteries. Accordingly, fuels provide an attractive option for lightweight, mobile and large scale energy storage. An especially enticing fuel forming reaction is water splitting since hydrogen is the highest energy density chemical fuel. The use of solar light to split water to produce hydrogen and oxygen is the focus of this proposal. This AFOSR program has sought to discover new water-splitting catalysts that are inexpensive, efficient, highly manufacturable and operate under benign conditions so that discovery from this program may be implemented with simple engineering.

关键词：燃料电池；能量密度；能量存储

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The focus of the article was the redesign of an assembly cell in a car manufacturing company. The new design had to include the operations related to the assembly of new roofs without disrupting the throughput rate. The theory-of-constrains framework has been used to propose designs as well as to define the evaluation criteria. The complexity of the system has been studied using a discrete-event simulation model. The traditional scholar steps have been followed to develop a robust decision support simulation system (DSSS).

关键词：决策支持系统；模拟；汽车系统

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Ferritic stainless steels are promising candidates for IT-SOFC interconnect applications due to their low cost and resistance to oxidation at SOFC operating temperatures. However, steel candidates face several challenges, including long term oxidation under interconnect exposure conditions, which can lead to increased electrical resistance, surface instability, and poisoning of cathodes due to volatilization of Cr. To potentially extend interconnect lifetime and improve performance, a variety of surface treatments were performed on AISI 441 ferritic stainless steel coupons prior to application of a protective spinel coating. The coated coupons were then subjected to oxidation testing at 800 and 850 degrees C in air, and electrical testing at 800 deg C in air. While all of the surface-treatments resulted in improved surface stability (i.e., increased spallation resistance) compared to untreated AISI 441, the greatest degree of improvement (through 20,000 hours of testing at 800 deg C and 14,000 hours of testing at 850 deg C) was achieved by surface blasting.

关键词：合金；尖晶石；不锈钢；表面处理；涂料

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The long-term goal of this project is to develop a high-fidelity model for side scan sonar image contrast that is well-documented and easy to use, thus encouraging broad application. This model is relevant to a wide range of Navy interests, some of which are listed below. ATR Enhancement: Provide contrast predictions to ATR algorithms for the purposes of improving ATR performance and estimating the expected reliability of the results. This type of collaboration will be used to help the hardware and image processing community better understand what drives ATR performance. Sonar Model Validation: The model provides a lower bound for shadow depth that can be used to validate modeling tools such as SWAT (Shallow Water Acoustics Toolkit). Adaptive Postprocessing: Tune image formation algorithms by trading image contrast against resolution in a predictable manner to achieve the best possible performance for any combination of bottom type and environmental conditions. Adaptive Mission Planning: Modify mission parameters (for example, track spacing and pulse duration) to optimize shadow contrast over the area to be mapped while using the minimum amount of battery power. Performance Comparison: The contrast model permits a direct comparison of real and synthetic aperture sonar performance. Therefore, this work could be used for developing system requirements for a variety of sonar systems. The model will be validated using SAS data collected against a shadow-inducing target developed under this grant. Other data will be used as appropriate. The model will also be compared to predictions based on SWAT developed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama City Division.

关键词：电池；图像处理；任务配置文件

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In order to provide the large coverage and high data rate in future system,more and more low power nodes (LPNs) e.g.,pico nodes,relay nodes,etc.,are introduced into the LTE heterogeneous network (HetNet).The resource allocation and optimization scheme is the key issue in Hetnet system since the interference environment is quite complicated compared with the traditional homogenous networks.In this paper,the semi-distributed power and subcarrier allocation scheme is proposed,which aims to achieve the good performance tradeoff between the macro eNBs and the pico nodes.One novel utility function is investigated taking both macro edge UEs and pico edge UEs into account based on limited average data rate information exchanges between macro eNB and pico eNBs.The interference for the edge UEs can be coordinated efficiently due to the dynamic power and subcarrier allocations.Compared with the proportional fairness (PF) scheduling algorithm,the simulation results show that the proposed semi-distributed scheme can achieve about 8％ throughput gain in average cell throughput.Furthermore,the pico edge UEs,and macro edge UEs of the proposed scheme can achieve 17％,12％ capacity gain,respectively.

关键词：子载波分配；微微边缘UE；LTE Hetnet系统

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Joint decoding at base stations combined with co-operative transmission is investigated to improve the uplink throughput of current cellular systems over fading channels.In this paper,we consider amplify-and-forward (AF),decode-and-forward (DF) and hybrid decode-amplify-forward (HDAF) cooperation schemes between relay stations.We analyze the throughput of direct transmission (DT),AF,DF,and HDAF both in single-cell and multi-cell respectively.A linear mesh network is considered where a single mobile terminal for each cell communicates with a local base station via a dedicated relay,which can be AF,D(])F,or HDAF.All of the base stations in the mesh network decode the received signals cooperatively.

关键词：放大和转发（AF）；解码 - 转发（DF）；混合解码-放大转发（HDAF）

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We have compared the proteomes and transcriptomes of Chlorella induced to produce oil in the presence of glucose at various time points. These results lead to the identification of several proteins when over-expressed in transgenic algae enhance photosynthesis by up to 80%. We have also completed the proteome analysis for the diatom Cyclotella when induced to accumulate oil after silicon starvation. The results of these studies are currently being analyzed. We have completed generation of Chlamydomonas transformants expressing carbonic anhydrase to increase the CO2 concentration near the active site of Rubisco so as to inhibit photorespiration. These transgenics have on average a 30% increase in photosynthetic rates. We have also show that by reducing chlorophyll b levels we can tune the light harvesting antennae size for increased photosynthetic efficiency and growth (30% increase) in algal monocultures. Finally, we have demonstrated that the biocompatible solvent, decane, rapidly induces oil accumulation in Chlorella shortening the time to produce oil with a glucose boost from 24 to 2 hours. This process also elevates oil accumulation in single cells in addition to autospores. As a result oil accumulation is increased 10X relative to glucose alone within the first 4 hours after treatment.

关键词：藻类；燃料；基因工程；二氧化碳；碳酸酐

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