The landscape, hydrology, and ecology of Lake Wales Ridge, central Florida, are unique in many respects. The Ridge is the highest and most prominent topographic feature in peninsular Florida and contains one of the largest collections of rare and endangered species in the United States (Dobson and others, 1997), one of the highest concentrations of endemic species in North America (Martin, 1998), and more than 200 lakes, most of which are seepage lakes with significant ground-water inflow. Lake Wales Ridge (subsequently referred to as the Ridge) is also one of the most intensely cultivated citrus regions in the world, with citrus groves covering about 25 percent (170 square miles) of the land area. Geologically, the Ridge is underlain by highly permeable marine sands forming relict Miocene-Holocene paleoislands which support some of the oldest ecologic communities in Florida. Ground water and surface water are closely linked in this region where ground-water inflow contributes more than 80 percent of the net water input to some lakes (Sacks and others, 1998). Ground water is the primary drinking-water supply in this region. The unconfined surficial aquifer supplies drinking water for some rural wells, and recharges water to the underlying Upper Floridan aquifer which is the primary municipal water supply.

关键词：农药；硝酸盐；水质污染；湖泊；地下水

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A method was developed to calculate annual county-level pesticide use for selected herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides applied to agricultural crops grown in the conterminous United States from 1992 through 2009. Pesticide-use data compiled by proprietary surveys of farm operations located within Crop Reporting Districts were used in conjunction with annual harvested-crop acreage reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) to calculate use rates per harvested-crop acre, or an estimated pesticide use (EPest) rate, for each crop by year. Pesticide-use data were not available for all Crop Reporting Districts and years. When data were unavailable for a Crop Reporting District in a particular year, EPest extrapolated rates were calculated from adjoining or nearby Crop Reporting Districts to ensure that pesticide use was estimated for all counties that reported harvested-crop acreage. EPest rates were applied to county harvested-crop acreage differently to obtain EPest-low and EPest-high estimates of pesticide-use for counties and states, with the exception of use estimates for California, which were taken from annual Department of Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Use Reports.

关键词：农药；环境影响；除草剂；杀虫剂；杀菌剂；农作物

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Sources of PCBs, dioxin, and chlorinated pesticides to Vancouver Lake were investigated during the winter, spring, and fall of 2010 from Burnt Bridge Creek, the Flushing Channel, and two Lake River sites.

关键词：农药；水污染

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The primary habitat management objective for the three refuges of the Willamette Valley NWR Complex is to provide high quality forage for wintering Canada geese. To accomplish this, much of the land within the refuge is managed for grass production involving applications of herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers. Other agrochemicals such as insecticides are applied to agricultural land outside the refuge. Some agrochemicals used in the area have the potential to enter aquatic habitats of the refuge and could impact species such as amphibians, turtles, or the federally-listed Oregon chub. The objective of this investigation was to sample both biotic and abiotic matrices and use a weight-of-evidence approach to determine if agrochemicals used on or around the refuge pose a risk to aquatic species. This investigation included seven components: 1) evaluation of pesticide use practices; 2) collection of continual water quality measurements; 3) water sampling; 4) in-situ bioassay; 5) analysis of blood plasma from carp and turtles for endocrine-disrupting compound exposure; 6) fish health assessment; and 7) fish tissue analysis for organochlorine pesticides. The components of the study were used as individual lines of evidence to evaluate risk of agrochemicals to aquatic organisms on the refuge. Multiple lines of evidence create more confidence in making decisions suitable for refuge management because the approach considers all the information gathered from the investigation. By framing the assessment with this weight-of-evidence approach, risk to the receptors of concern and organizational levels is more clearly evident and the information can be used in carrying out the Fish and Wildlife Service mission to protect and conserve natural resources.

关键词：农药；农用化学品；杀虫剂

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PESP is a voluntary program that fosters partnerships with pesticide users, educators, and related organizations who engage in reducing potential health and environmental risks associated with pests and pesticide use and in implementing pollution prevention strategies. PESP members are organized into one of four groups (according to pesticide use where people Live, Work, Play, and Farm) and progress through three tiered steps (Bronze, Silver, and Gold) to achieve the maximum benefit in the program. PESP members distinguish themselves as stewardship leaders in their respective fields of business and practice.

关键词：农药；环境风险；健康风险；害虫防治；污染防治

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On August 28, 2008, at about 10:35 p.m., a runaway chemical reaction occurred inside a 4,500 gallon pressure vessel known as a residue treater, causing the vessel to explode violently in the methomyl unit at the Bayer CropScience facility in Institute, West Virginia. Highly flammable solvent sprayed from the vessel and immediately ignited, causing an intense fire that burned for more than 4 hours. The fire was contained inside the Methomyl-Larvin insecticide unit by the Bayer CropScience fire brigade with mutual aid assistance from local volunteer and municipal fire departments. The incident occurred during the restart of the methomyl unit after an extended outage to upgrade the control system and replace the original residue treater vessel. Two company employees who had been dispatched by the control room personnel to investigate why the residue treater pressure was increasing were near the residue treater when it ruptured. One died from blunt force trauma and burn injuries sustained at the scene; the second died 41 days later at the Western Pennsylvania Burn Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Six volunteer firefighters who assisted in the unit fire suppression activities and two contractors working at the facility were treated for possible toxic chemical exposure.

关键词：农药；化学爆炸；杀虫剂；有毒化学物质

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The HHE Program evaluated surface contamination from spills of sea lamprey pesticides that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s at a biological station. HHE Program investigators took samples of carpet that were thought to have been contaminated with pesticide and took wipe samples from surfaces. Yellow stains were seen on carpet, walls, and unsealed concrete floors. The carpet had been installed over unsealed concrete. Pesticide was found on the carpet and wipe samples from areas that were visibly stained. HHE Program investigators recommended that the stained carpet be removed and that the concrete slab floor be cleaned and sealed prior to the installation of new flooring. Walls that had visible stains should be cleaned, sealed, and repainted. Investigators also measured temperature, relative humidity, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide and checked the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system in the offices and laboratory. Room air flowed from the offices into the workshop which helped keep potentially contaminated air from entering the office space. The exhaust fan in the laboratory solvent storage room was not always turned on which allowed air to flow into the nearby laboratory. This fan should be run continuously to reduce the amount of solvent vapors that can enter nearby work areas. Investigators recommended that the employer stop sampling soil and concrete that may have been contaminated during past spills. Employees were encouraged to wash their hands with soap and water after handling pesticides and avoid touching surfaces that are visibly stained. Employees should not go into offices while wearing clothes, shoes, or materials that may have pesticides on them. Investigators also recommended that the employer notify all employees about plans to renovate the building and follow up with employees after projects are completed to ensure that these activities have eliminated visible pesticide contamination on carpet, floors, and walls.

关键词：农药污染；健康危害；公共卫生；污染；生物站

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近年来，随着我国石油石化行业工程建设总承包（EPC）业务的兴起，项目成本控制和过程控制能力得到了很大程度的加强，然而很多项目目前仍面临着库存数量过大、结构不合理、管理不科学、甚至不被重视等问题。如何更精细化地控制库存成为了很多行业内EPC项目的一个不小的挑战。文章以材料管理系统和组织管理为出发点，结合作者在越南化肥项目的工作经历，分析了总承包商库存控制的几个关键因素，并给出相应的合理化建议，目的是降低供应链环节成本，减少资金占用，提高工作效率，从而增强企业竞争力。

关键词：库存控制；材料管理系统；组织管理

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概要：李扬：深化改革是中国的唯一出路；周为民：未来改革一定要坚持市场经济逻辑；宋晓梧：收入分配是改革重大问题；姚景源：把稳物价放到重要位置应保持稳健货币政策；夏斌：扭转货币超发局面时不我待；蔡昉：当前就业结构性问题突出。

关键词：10月；权威视点；改革；物价；货币政策；就业

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改革开放以来，投资一直是拉动经济增长的重要力量。随着固定资产投资完成额的逐年上涨，我国投资结构的问题也日益突出。本文从不同维度对投资结构进行了较为深入的分析，并以数据为依托，分析出当前我国内部投资结构中较为显著的一些问题。特别是对当前问题较为突出的民间投资，本文进行了重点分析，力图从数据中挖掘结构性问题的内因。

关键词：改革开放；投资结构；分析

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