Crystal oscillators are electronic circuits that generate electrical signals with precise frequencies. To generate these electrical signals, they make use of a vibrating crystal made of piezoelectric material. The frequency generated is used to keep constant track of time and provide a timely clock signal for electronic integrated circuits. This frequency is also used to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. Crystal oscillators find their application in a large number of devices such as cell phones (smartphones and feature phones), tablet computers, wristwatches,clocks, FM radios, medical electronic equipment, automotive systems (tyre pressure monitoring systems and anti-braking systems), and personal computers.

关键词：晶体振荡器；电子电路；电信号；精确频率；电子集成电路

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DBT is a 3D imaging technique used in detecting breast cancer. The DBT device captures images of thin slices of a stationary compressed breast at multiple angles during a short scan. After the scan, the images are reconstructed using algorithms into a series of thin high-resolution slices whose planes are parallel to the breast support plates. Tomosynthesis differs from computed tomography because the range of angles used is less than 360?. DBT provides several advantages and enhances the quality of the medical services available to patients. It minimizes recall rates, requires less compression of the breast, reduces tissue overlap in images, and provides efficient diagnosis of small tumors and skin lesions.

关键词：DBT；医疗设备；医疗器械；检测；乳腺癌；3D成像技术；设备捕获薄片；影像；小肿瘤；皮肤损伤

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Chromatography systems are used for the purification of biochemical, environmental, and other chemical entities using the principle of separation chemistry. The major entities which are regularly separated are metabolites, proteins, carbohydrates, and salts. Chromatography systems are routinely used in pharmaceutical companies and academic institutes for commercial production of biopharmaceuticals and analysis of various molecules. Owing to the increased demand for biopharmaceuticals, the chromatography systems are automated and integrated as a unit in small to large laboratories and large commercial companies. As a result, chromatography systems have become an important accessory tool for various research and commercial purposes.

关键词：色谱系统；生物化学；纯化；化学原理化学实体；制药公司；学术机构

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A cold chain is a type of supply chain management that involves the storage and transportation of temperature-sensitive goods. Thermal and refrigerated packaging methods are used to help with the transportation and storage of temperature-sensitive goods; extensive logistics planning ensures the integrity of these goods.

关键词：冷链；储存；运输；供应链管理；温度敏感；热；冷藏；包装方法

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The objective of this project, was therefore, to develop a prototype sensor technology, membrane-extraction (ME)-IMS, that could be used in situ or ex situ, to characterize the extent of groundwater plumes, conduct compliance monitoring around waste facilities or at the leading edge of a plume, and monitor remedial actions. The IMS instrument could also be used to monitor CHC in the vapor phase.

关键词：传感器；地下水；离子；监测；校准；氯代烃；污染物；动态范围；气相色谱；原位分析；敏感性；光谱法；废水处理；我（膜萃取）；IMS（离子迁移谱）；DMS（微分迁移率谱

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ACC is a driver assistance system that is incorporated into a vehicle to help the driver maintain constant speed and keep safe distance from other vehicles. ACC automatically manages vehicle speed if there is any obstruction in front of the car and warns the driver in an emergency. The purpose of installing an ACC system is to enhance safety and efficiency. It is designed to help prevent accidents caused by driver error such as poor reaction time and drowsiness. This system is highly efficient in warning a driver whenever required and in providing improved comfort during long drives.

关键词：ACC；保持；驾驶辅助系统；速度；安全距离

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Although solar costs are dropping rapidly, solar power is still more expensive than conventional and other renewable energy options. The solar sector still needs continuing government policy support. These policies are driven by objectives that go beyond the goal of achieving grid parity. The need to achieve multiple objectives and ensure sufficient political support for solar power makes it difficult for policy makers to design the optimal solar power policy. The dynamic and uncertain nature of the solar industry, combined with the constraints offered by broader economic, political and social conditions further complicates the task of policy making. This report presents an analysis of solar promotion policies in seven countries--Germany, Spain, the United States, Japan, China, Taiwan, and India--in terms of their outlook, objectives, policy mechanisms and outcomes. The report presents key insights, primarily in qualitative terms, and recommendations for two distinct audiences. The first audience consists of global policy makers who are exploring various mechanisms to increase the penetration of solar power in markets to mitigate climate
change. The second audience consists of key Indian policy makers who are developing a long-term implementation plan under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission and various state initiatives.

关键词：太阳能；太阳能产业；政府政策；印度；建议；

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Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) result from exposure to high accelerations and are a serious threat to Soldiers in close contact with improvised explosive devices as well as sports players who are frequently involved in collisions. To improve TBI detection, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has developed a sensor small enough to be mounted in the ear. The sensor consists of an array of 3-axis microelectromechanical system (MEMS) acceleration threshold switches with different sensitivities that move to contacts under acceleration and complete a circuit. Previously, the outputs, which were voltage levels, required an analog-to-digital converter, but the implementation of the mechanism introduced a delay of 100 microsecs samples. This delay has caused the loss of data from switch closures that last less than 100 microsecs, so the sensor was redesigned with digital outputs, and a new program was developed. Clocked signals were used to simulate sensor data, and tests showed improved delays of 3 microsecs to 10 microsecs.

关键词：传感器；微机电系统；外伤性脑损伤；加速度；模拟数字转换器

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Biofuels are produced from biomass and waste materials. There are different forms of biofuel, namely fuel pellets (solid), bioethanol and biodiesel (liquid), and biogas (gaseous). Fermentation is the most widely used method for producing biofuel; however, other methods are also used to produce biofuel. Algae biofuels are made by using algae as a feedstock. The various algae biofuel technologies are: cultivation technologies, harvesting technologies, extraction technologies, and algae biofuel production facilities.

关键词：藻类；生物燃料；生物质；废物；燃料芯块；生物乙醇；生物柴油

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关键词：静电除尘器；工业废气；排放；控制装置；充电板；采集设备

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