What follows is a summary of publicly available USGS data for pesticide concentrations in surface water and sediments within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region from the years 1990 through 2010. Data were retrieved though the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database, a publicly available online-data repository (U.S. Geological Survey, 1998), and from published USGS reports.

关键词：农药；地质调查；水文数据

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关键词：农药；水资源；土地利用；水污染抽样；降解；回归分析；

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A method was developed to calculate annual county-level pesticide use for selected herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides applied to agricultural crops grown in the conterminous United States from 1992 through 2009. Pesticide-use data compiled by proprietary surveys of farm operations located within Crop Reporting Districts were used in conjunction with annual harvested-crop acreage reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) to calculate use rates per harvested-crop acre, or an estimated pesticide use (EPest) rate, for each crop by year. Pesticide-use data were not available for all Crop Reporting Districts and years. When data were unavailable for a Crop Reporting District in a particular year, EPest extrapolated rates were calculated from adjoining or nearby Crop Reporting Districts to ensure that pesticide use was estimated for all counties that reported harvested-crop acreage. EPest rates were applied to county harvested-crop acreage differently to obtain EPest-low and EPest-high estimates of pesticide-use for counties and states, with the exception of use estimates for California, which were taken from annual Department of Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Use Reports.

关键词：农药；环境影响；除草剂；杀虫剂；杀菌剂；农作物

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The USGS is investigating the occurrence and distribution of pesticides in water resources of the Nation as part of the NAWQA Program and NASQAN. The two programs differ somewhat in their scope, objectives, and implementation plans (Gilliom and others, 1995; Hooper and others, 1997).

关键词：农药；地表水；地下水；水质；水污染

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In 1999 and 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program conducted a national pilot study of pesticides and degradates in drinking-water supplies, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). William H. Harsha Lake, which provides drinking water for several thousand people in southwestern Ohio, was selected as one of the drinking-water supplies for this study. East Fork Little Miami River is the main source of water to Harsha Lake and drains a predominantly agricultural basin. Samples were collected from the East Fork Little Miami River upstream from Harsha Lake, at the drinking-water intake at Harsha Lake, at the outfall just below Harsha Lake, and from treated water at the Bob McEwen Treatment Plant. These samples were analyzed using standardized methods developed for the NAWQA Program. The purpose of this report is to provide information about pesticides and pesticide degradates in East Fork, Harsha Lake, and treated drinking water supplied by Harsha Lake. Water samples were collected from March 1999 to September 2000. The report presents a comparison of pesticide concentrations in untreated lake water and treated drinking water and a qualitative assessment of the effect of the November 1999 switchover from powdered activated carbon (PAC) to granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment on the concentration of pesticide compounds in treated lake water.

关键词：农药；水污染监测；饮用水；水治疗；供水水库；水文条件；气候模式；季节性模式

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The HHE Program evaluated surface contamination from spills of sea lamprey pesticides that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s at a biological station. HHE Program investigators took samples of carpet that were thought to have been contaminated with pesticide and took wipe samples from surfaces. Yellow stains were seen on carpet, walls, and unsealed concrete floors. The carpet had been installed over unsealed concrete. Pesticide was found on the carpet and wipe samples from areas that were visibly stained. HHE Program investigators recommended that the stained carpet be removed and that the concrete slab floor be cleaned and sealed prior to the installation of new flooring. Walls that had visible stains should be cleaned, sealed, and repainted. Investigators also measured temperature, relative humidity, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide and checked the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system in the offices and laboratory. Room air flowed from the offices into the workshop which helped keep potentially contaminated air from entering the office space. The exhaust fan in the laboratory solvent storage room was not always turned on which allowed air to flow into the nearby laboratory. This fan should be run continuously to reduce the amount of solvent vapors that can enter nearby work areas. Investigators recommended that the employer stop sampling soil and concrete that may have been contaminated during past spills. Employees were encouraged to wash their hands with soap and water after handling pesticides and avoid touching surfaces that are visibly stained. Employees should not go into offices while wearing clothes, shoes, or materials that may have pesticides on them. Investigators also recommended that the employer notify all employees about plans to renovate the building and follow up with employees after projects are completed to ensure that these activities have eliminated visible pesticide contamination on carpet, floors, and walls.

关键词：农药污染；健康危害；公共卫生；污染；生物站

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国务院出台城镇排水与污水处理条例；国务院出台化解产能过剩“路线图”；国务院部署进一步促改革调结构措施；国务院部署注册资本登记制度改革；国办印发意见进一步加强政府信息公开；两部委取消314项省级行政事业性收费。

关键词：10月；政策；污水处理；改革；政府信息公开

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2013年三季度，我国在转变政府职能、创新政府管理等方面出台了一系列政策举措。这些措施的出台，表明了管理层坚定不移推进改革开放的决心，体现了中国政府进一步发挥市场机制作用，让社会投资活力有效迸发的发展方向。未来，随着制度红利的逐渐释放，必将有越来越多的市场活力被激发出来，推动中国经济转型升级的实现。

关键词：三季度；经济政策；政府职能转变；简政放权；金融改革；上海自贸区；以房养老；环境监管

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概要：李扬：深化改革是中国的唯一出路；周为民：未来改革一定要坚持市场经济逻辑；宋晓梧：收入分配是改革重大问题；姚景源：把稳物价放到重要位置应保持稳健货币政策；夏斌：扭转货币超发局面时不我待；蔡昉：当前就业结构性问题突出。

关键词：10月；权威视点；改革；物价；货币政策；就业

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概要：国务院出台意见支持健康服务业发展；国务院印发卫星导航产业中长期发展规划；国务院批复《全国高标准农田建设总体规划》；两部门发文推动快递服务制造业转型升级；国家能源局发布页岩气产业政策；工信部发布《信息化发展规划》。

关键词：10月；产业聚焦；健康服务业；卫星导航；快递业；页岩气

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