The Michigan State Police Vehicle Test Team is pleased to present the results of the 2013 model year Police Vehicle Evaluation. This year we tested thirteen vehicles in total, and four motorcycles. All of the cars were tested with a clean roof (no overhead light or light bar) and without A pillar mount spotlights. We believe this is the best way to ensure all of the vehicles are tested on an equal basis. Remember that once overhead lights, spotlights, radio antennas, sirens, and other emergency equipment are installed, overall performance may be somewhat lower than we report. Each vehicle was tested with the tires that are available as original equipment on the production model. Specific tire information for each vehicle is available in the Vehicle Description portion of this report. All vehicles listed in this report were equipped with electronic speed limiters. Motorcycles were tested with equipment installed as provided by their respective manufacturer. Harley-Davidson chose to test their bikes with minimal equipment. BMW, and Victory chose to test their bikes with the majority of the equipment installed.

关键词：汽车；警车；交通安全

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This report summarizes key trends in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, fuel economy, and CO2- and fuel economy-related technology for gasoline- and diesel-fueled personal vehicles sold in the United States, from model years (MY) 1975 through 2012. Personal vehicles are those vehicles that EPA classifies as cars, light-duty trucks, or medium-duty passenger vehicles. The data in this report cover the MY 1975-2012 timeframe, supersede the data in previous reports in this series, and, for many important reasons, should not be compared with data from previous years editions of this report. Most CO2 emissions and fuel economy values in this report have been adjusted to reflect 'real world' consumer performance and therefore are not comparable to CO2 emissions and fuel economy standards.

关键词：汽车；轻型汽车技术；二氧化碳

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We are evaluating a facilitative transport strategy to move oximes across the blood brain barrier (BBB) to reactivate inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE). We selected glucose (Glc) transporters (GLUT) for this purpose as these transporters are highly represented in the BBB. Glc conjugates have successfully moved drugs across the BBB and previous work has shown that Glc-oximes (sugar-oximes, SOxs) can reduce the organophosphonate induced hypothermia response. We previously evaluated the reactivation potential of Glc carbon C-1 SOxs. Here we report the reactivation parameters for VX- and GB-inhibited human (Hu) AChE of the best SOx (13c) and our findings that the kinetics are similar to those of the parent oxime. Although crystals of Torpedo californica AChE were produced, neither soaked or co-crystallized experiments were successful at concentrations below 20 mM 13c, and higher concentrations cracked the crystals. 13c was non-toxic to neuroblastoma and kidney cell lines at 12 18 mM, allowing high concentrations to be used in a BBB kidney cell model. The transfer of 13c from the donor side was asymmetric with the greatest loss of 13c from the apical- or luminal-treated side. There was no apparent transfer from the basolateral side. The 13c Papp results indicate a low transport efficiency; however, mass accounting revealed only a 20% recovery from the apical dose in which high concentrations were found in the cell lysate fraction. Molecular modeling of 13c through the GLUT-1 channel demonstrated that transport of 13c was more restricted than Glc.

关键词：乙酰胆碱酯酶；血脑屏障；肟；葡萄糖

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An estimated 2 million people in the United States are dependent upon or abuse opioids, including heroin and prescription opioids such as oxycodone and hydrocodone. Withdrawal from these drugs is generally so intense that those who are dependent upon them continue taking the drugs in increasing dosages to avoid withdrawal or to maintain the high produced by the drugs. Withdrawal symptoms may begin within 6 hours after the last heroin usage and may last for up to several months. An effective treatment for opioid dependence and addiction includes medication-assisted therapy with the opioid medications methadone or buprenorphine, the only two opioids federally approved for the treatment of these conditions. Methadone relieves cravings, blocks the euphoric effects associated with heroin and other opioids, and prevents withdrawal. Buprenorphine aids in treatment by preventing symptoms of withdrawal.

关键词：药物；美沙酮；阿片类治疗；滥用药物

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This proposal will utilize RNA interference technology to diminish LRRK2 kinase activity in both cell culture and animal models of G2019S-mediated neurotoxicity to establish a novel therapy for PD. To achieve this objective we proposed the following Specific Aims: 1. Inhibition of wild-type LRRK2 and G2019S expression using small interfering RNAs (siRNA), 2. In vitro inhibition of wild-type LRRK2 and G2019S expression using shRNA technology and 3. In vivo inhibition of wild-type LRRK2 and G2019S expression using shRNA technology. During this award period we completed Technical Objective 1: Inhibition of wild- type LRRK2 and G2019S expression using small interfering RNAs in a cell line (MN9D) with LRRK2 or G2019S overexpression to attenuate the expression of wild- type and mutant LRRK2, cell death and neurite extension. We have completed this TO. In addition we made progress on Technical Objective 2: In vitro inhibition of wild-type LRRK2 and G2019S expression using shRNA technology. We have designed and expressed shRNAs that target LRRK2 or G2019S, cloned them into viral vector expression vectors and initiated the efficacy testing in vitro. Lastly, we initiated work on Technical Objective 3: In vivo inhibition of wild- type LRRK2 and G2019S expression using shRNA technology. We have constructed and expressed lentivirus with expression of WT and G2019S LRRK2 and rAAV expressing shRNAs.

关键词：帕金森病；磷转移；核糖核酸细胞（生物学）

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关键词：汽车；交叉研究；交通安全

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This report presents person-based nationally representative estimates on prescription sleep aid use in the past 30 days, describes sociodemographic differences in use, and examines sleep aid use by selfreported sleep duration and insomnia.

关键词：处方药；睡眠剥夺；成人；镇静剂

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Most patients with multiple myeloma achieve a complete or near complete response following autologous transplantation. However, patients experience disease relapse from a persistent reservoir of chemotherapy resistant disease.

关键词：骨髓瘤；干细胞；疫苗；抗体

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This report presents nationally representative estimates and trends for infertility and impaired fecundity-two measures of fertility problems among women aged 15-44 in the United States. Data are also presented on a measure of infertility among men aged 15-44. Data for this report come primarily from the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), which consisted of 22,682 interviews with men and women aged 1544, conducted from June 2006 through June 2010. The response rate for women in the 2006-2010 NSFG was 78 percent, and for men was 75 percent. Selected trends are shown based on prior NSFG years. The percentage of married women aged 15-44 who were infertile fell from 8.5 percent in 1982 (2.4 million women) to 6.0 percent (1.5 million) in 2006-2010. Impaired fecundity among married women aged 15-44 increased from 11 percent in 1982 to 15 percent in 2002, but decreased to 12 percent in 2006-2010. Among all women, 11 percent had impaired fecundity in 2006-2010. Both infertility and impaired fecundity remain closely associated with age for nulliparous women. Among married, nulliparous women aged 35-44, the percentage infertile declined from 44 percent in 1982 to 27 percent in 2006-2010, reflecting greater delays in childbearing over this period. Among married women in 20062010, non-Hispanic black women were more likely to be infertile than non-Hispanic white women. Some form of infertility (either subfertility or nonsurgical sterility) was reported by 9.4% of men aged 15-44 and 12% of men aged 25-44 in 2006-2010, similar to levels seen in 2002.

关键词：不孕不育；繁殖力；公众健康；医药

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Anti-estrogen drugs such as tamoxifen have become widely used to treat patients with estrogen-receptor positive tumors.

关键词：乳腺癌；蛋白质；结晶；雌激素；一样

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