Metal working fluids are oils that are used to cool and lubricate metal work pieces when they are subject to processes such as machining, grinding, and milling. Metal working fluids reduce the heat and friction between the cutting tool and the work piece, and prevent burning and smoking. Metal working fluids also enhance the quality of the work piece by constantly removing the metal chips from the tool used, and from the work piece. There are generally four product segments of metal working fluids: Removal Fluids, Forming Fluids, Protection Fluids, and Treating Fluids.

关键词：金属加工流体；润滑金属工件；机械加工；研磨；研磨方法

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Groceries logistics refers to the movement of various F&B commodities, inbound raw materia and other household supplies from one place to another. The use of logistics helps the Groceries industry have a continuous supply of durable and non-durable goods from different prominent suppliers and distributors across various locations. Sometimes, companies may also choose to lever their own logistics through outsourcing if it is cost-effective. Groceries companies primarily use four modes for the transportation of groceries, namely, roadways, railways, seaways, and airways. Technological advances have brought many innovations to the Logistics sector such as ICT, computerized vehicle routing, active traffic management, online freight exchange, GPS monitoring, and satellite trailing.

关键词：杂货物流；持续供应；耐用；非耐用

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Biosimilars are follow-on versions of biological medicines that are developed after the expiry of the patent protection on the original product. Biosimilar medicines have a mechanism of action that is similar to that of the original biological medicines. Though biosimilars have similarities to the innovator product, they are not an exact copy of the reference biopharmaceutical product. Currently, biosimilars are being incorporated into oncology treatment practices. The biosimilars used in oncology in the supportive care setting are known as oncology biosimilars.

关键词：生物仿制药；后续生物药品；专利保护；支持治疗

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Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method used to measure the arterial blood oxygen saturation level of a patient. Pulse oximetry works on the principle of spectrophotometry, and makes use of the pulsating nature of the arterial blood flow and light absorptive characteristics of Hb. Using a pulse oximeter, hypoxia (a condition in which the supply of oxygen to the body or a region of the body is inadequate) can be detected before patients become clinically cyanosed. Pulse oximeters are used by patients with respiratory or cardiac problems, especially COPD, and for the diagnosis of sleep apnea and hypopnea. The equipment consists of a probe containing two diodes emitting light of two different wavelengths, infrared and red. The light is transmitted through parts of the body such as a finger or earlobe. The oxygenated Hb absorbs more of the infrared light and the deoxygenated Hb absorbs more of the red light. By calculating the amount of absorption, the sensor in the pulse oximeter computes the proportion of oxygenated Hb in the blood and displays it digitally on the screen.

关键词：脉搏血氧饱和度；测量；动脉血氧饱和度；分光光度法；动脉血流；血红蛋白

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Capnography is the measurement of CO2 in respiratory gases, which is an integral part of anesthetic and critical respiratory care. Capnography provides information about CO2 production, alveolar ventilation, and elimination of CO2 from the anesthesia circuit, thereby revealing the respiratory pattern. This information is vital as it is a quick and reliable method to detect acute conditions such as ventilatory failure, malposition of tracheal tubes, defective breathing circuits, and circulatory failure in both intubated and non-intubated patients.Organizations such as the ASA and the APSF have been recommending the use of capnography devices in an increasing number of situations in hospitals and surgical centers.

关键词：二氧化碳；浓度监测仪；麻醉；关键呼吸道；护理；ASA；APSF

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An air traffic management and control system is software provided by ground-based controllers to direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace. It can also provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. The primary aim of air traffic management and control systems is to prevent collisions, organize and expedite the flow of traffic, and provide information and other support for pilots. In some countries, air traffic management and control systems are operated by the military and play a crucial role in security and defense.

关键词：空中交通管理；控制系统；陆基控制器；软件；引导飞机；管制空域；安全和防御

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Nuclear decommissioning is the process of dismantling a nuclear facility permanently. The nuclear decommissioning process commences once the owner decides to permanently close down the nuclear facility. It involves the removal of used nuclear fuel from the reactor, cleaning, dismantling, and disposing of all the radioactive components. The decommissioning process is completed when all radioactive wastes and components have been completely dismantled or decayed to a level such that the site can be safely reused for other purposes. Depending on different decommissioning strategies, this process can take decades. Globally, many nuclear reactors have been safely decommissioned. Nuclear decommissioning can be carried out in three ways: immediate dismantling, deferred dismantling, and entombment.

关键词：永久拆除；核设施；除去；核燃料；反应堆

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FMCG are fast moving consumer goods that are present in retail, supermarket and local retai l shops. These are physical goods that are produced and purchased to satisfy the needs of consumers. Some of its key segments are Food, Beverages, Healthcare and Medical, Cosmetics,Industrial Goods, Household Products, and Other Goods that consumers use in daily life. Food products, beverages, and drugs/medicines need preventive and durable packaging to prevent any spoilage or contamination.

关键词：快速消费品；零售；超市；防止；任何损坏；污染

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Pulmonary delivery of drugs leads to the deposition of drugs in the lungs and subsequent local or systemic therapeutic activity. The pulmonary route of administration for the non-invasive delivery of drugs is mostly preferred because of the large surface area for absorption, high blood circulation, and high permeability rate. Pulmonary drug delivery offers various advantages over peroral routes, such as bypass of hepatic first-pass metabolism, quick onset of action, and low enzymatic activity. Pulmonary delivery of drugs can be achieved by intranasal administration or oral inhalative administration, the latter being more effective. Oral inhalative administration includes intratracheal inhalation and intratracheal instillation. Oral inhalation delivers the aerosolized drug using devices such as MDIs (or pMDIs), PDIs, and nebulizers. Drugs administered by this route are deposited in the respiratory tract via inertial impaction, gravitational sedimentation, and diffusion. The effective delivery of drugs via the pulmonary route requires an optimized combination of drug, its formulation, and device.

关键词：肺部递送；全身性治疗；活性；非侵入性递送；优选循环；高通透率

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The Global Soft Drinks market comprises CSD, bottled water, juices and concentrates, RTD tea and coffee, and functional drinks. The consumption of soft drinks is driven by consumers across all ages owing to the indulgence and taste associated with the product s. An increase in operational efficiency and massive urbanization in developing nations will drive the growth of the Global Soft Drinks market during the forecast period.

关键词：全球软饮料；CSD；瓶装水；果汁；浓缩；RTD茶；运营效率

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