Capnography is the measurement of CO2 in respiratory gases, which is an integral part of anesthetic and critical respiratory care. Capnography provides information about CO2 production, alveolar ventilation, and elimination of CO2 from the anesthesia circuit, thereby revealing the respiratory pattern. This information is vital as it is a quick and reliable method to detect acute conditions such as ventilatory failure, malposition of tracheal tubes, defective breathing circuits, and circulatory failure in both intubated and non-intubated patients.Organizations such as the ASA and the APSF have been recommending the use of capnography devices in an increasing number of situations in hospitals and surgical centers.

关键词：二氧化碳；浓度监测仪；麻醉；关键呼吸道；护理；ASA；APSF

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The Global Secure Logistics market is involved in the physical transportation of cash and other valuables from one location to another. It is also involved in guarding and manning high-risk zones such as embassies, airports, and public venues, among others. Cash services and providing security to important venues form the major part of the Global Secure Logistics market. Cash services include a gamut of services such as ATM services, armored cash transportation and management, transportation of valuables, and international shipping of high-tech devices, among others. Security services include armed and unarmed guarding, protection services, and electronic monitoring of premises. The industry is labor-intensive as well as capital-intensive.

关键词：全球安全物流市场；实物运输；保卫人员；配备；高风险

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An electrophysiology device studies the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues by measuring changes in the voltages of various biological cells, tissues, organs, and the body as a whole. These devices are used for diagnostic as well as treatment purposes because of the abnormal electrical properties of cells and tissues of affected systems of the body. Some of the electrophysiology devices that are used for diagnostic purposes include ECG devices, ECoG devices, ERG devices, EOG devices, EMG devices, EEG devices, diagnostic electrophysiolog catheters, and X-ray systems. Electrophysiology diagnostic devices are used in the diagnosis of cardiovascular abnormalities such as AF and tachycardia, as well as neurological, muscular, and retinal disorders. Electrophysiology devices used for treatment purposes include ICDs, cardiac pacemakers, CRT, and ablation catheters.

关键词：电装置；细胞和组织；电特性；测量；诊断以及治疗

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Human growth hormone is a proteinaceous hormone consisting of 191 amino acid residues secreted by the anterior part of the pituitary gland. In children and adolescents, it promotes linear growth. However, in adults, the level of the hormone in the blood starts declining and it primarily performs anabolic functions. The growth-promoting activities of human growth hormone are primarily carried out through its interaction with IGF and constitute its indirect action. The direct activities of human growth hormone, carried out through its interaction with the human growth hormone receptor, include its metabolic and anti-insulin activities.

关键词：人生长激素；蛋白质激素；脑垂体；前部分泌；合成代谢

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Biosimilars are follow-on versions of biological medicines that are developed after the expiry of the patent protection on the original product. Biosimilar medicines have a mechanism of action that is similar to that of the original biological medicines. Though biosimilars have similarities to the innovator product, they are not an exact copy of the reference biopharmaceutical product. Currently, biosimilars are being incorporated into oncology treatment practices. The biosimilars used in oncology in the supportive care setting are known as oncology biosimilars.

关键词：生物仿制药；后续生物药品；专利保护；支持治疗

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The Global Gin market comprises four segments: Super-premium, Premium, Standard, and Value. The Standard segment led the market in 2014 accounting for a market share of 56 percent. Increased demand among the millennial population in the US and the growing demand for premium gin are some of the factors that have driven the consumption of gin. The Global Gin market is witnessing decelerating growth.

关键词：杜松子酒；超溢价；高级；标准；价值；消费因素

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E2W is a term used for electric motorcycles, scooters, and bicycles. They are powered by batteries instead of liquid fuel. E2Ws consist of a DC motor, controller, battery, and charger instead of an ICE, as used in liquid fuel-powered two-wheelers. E2Ws are considered more environment friendly as well as a fuel saving alternative in comparison with liquid fuel-powered two-wheelers, and are a sound choice for short-range travel requirements. E2Ws have become one of the successful mass-produced and adapted alternative-fuel vehicles since the start of motorization.

关键词：电动摩托车；小型摩托车；自行车；供电电池；直流电机；控制器；蓄电池；充电器

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An air traffic management and control system is software provided by ground-based controllers to direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace. It can also provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. The primary aim of air traffic management and control systems is to prevent collisions, organize and expedite the flow of traffic, and provide information and other support for pilots. In some countries, air traffic management and control systems are operated by the military and play a crucial role in security and defense.

关键词：空中交通管理；控制系统；陆基控制器；软件；引导飞机；管制空域；安全和防御

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Pulmonary delivery of drugs leads to the deposition of drugs in the lungs and subsequent local or systemic therapeutic activity. The pulmonary route of administration for the non-invasive delivery of drugs is mostly preferred because of the large surface area for absorption, high blood circulation, and high permeability rate. Pulmonary drug delivery offers various advantages over peroral routes, such as bypass of hepatic first-pass metabolism, quick onset of action, and low enzymatic activity. Pulmonary delivery of drugs can be achieved by intranasal administration or oral inhalative administration, the latter being more effective. Oral inhalative administration includes intratracheal inhalation and intratracheal instillation. Oral inhalation delivers the aerosolized drug using devices such as MDIs (or pMDIs), PDIs, and nebulizers. Drugs administered by this route are deposited in the respiratory tract via inertial impaction, gravitational sedimentation, and diffusion. The effective delivery of drugs via the pulmonary route requires an optimized combination of drug, its formulation, and device.

关键词：肺部递送；全身性治疗；活性；非侵入性递送；优选循环；高通透率

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Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder of the digestive system causing abdominal cramps, discomfort, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. Inflammatory bowel disease, which is a chronic disease with recurrent immune response and inflammation of the GI tract , is sometimes confused with irritable bowel syndrome. The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome generally appear in a patient aged around 30 years. According to the CDC, prominent symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome include severe bloating, severe stomach cramps or abdominal pain, lower back pain, groin pain, heartburn, acidity, shooting pain in the legs, and lightheadedness after eating.

关键词：肠易激综合征；消化系统；炎性肠疾病

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