NTO was administered to male (0, 250, and 500 mg/kg-day) and female (0, 500, and 1000 mg/kg-day) Sprague-Dawley rats (15/sex/group) via oral gavage from weaning through puberty. Animals were examined daily for onset of puberty. Estrous cyclicity was evaluated daily upon completion of vaginal opening (VO). Age and body weight at VO and PPS, and all measures of estrous cyclicity were not affected by treatment with NTO. Testis mass was reduced by 30% and 65% compared to control in the 250 and 500 mg/kg-day groups, respectively. The reduction in testis mass was associated with tubular degeneration/atrophy. Less pronounced reductions in the mass of androgen-dependent accessory reproductive tissues were also observed in the 500 mg/kg-day group; however, the reduction was only significant in the epididymides. There were no differences in hormone levels or thyroid follicle and colloid scores between NTO treatment groups and the control groups. These findings suggest that NTO is not acting as an estrogen or thyroid active compound, but may indicate effects on steroidogenesis and/or direct testicular toxicity.

关键词：雌激素；曝光（生理学）；激素;大鼠

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Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in the United States - 2013: A Clinical Practice Guideline provides comprehensive information for the use of daily oral antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV infection in adults.

关键词：人类免疫缺陷病毒；传染病；暴露前预防

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This letter report is the first in a series of five reports. The committee will provide an independent review of the more than 30 evidence reports that NASA has compiled on human health risks for long-duration and exploration spaceflights. In 2008, NASA asked the IOM to assess the process for developing the evidence reports.1 The resulting report, Review of NASAs Human Research Program Evidence Books: A Letter Report, provided an initial and brief review of the evidence reports. This letter report builds on the work of the 2008 IOM report and examines three evidence reports: 1. Risk of Injury from Dynamic Loads; 2. Risk of Clinically Relevant Unpredicted Effects of Medication; and 3. Risk of Spaceflight-Induced Intracranial Hypertension and Visual Alterations.

关键词：职业安全与健康；健康风险；伤害

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On March 8, 2013, a 60-year-old volunteer Fire Captain failed to respond to the scene of an emergency call at 1054 hours. Several hours later (1530 hours) he was found laying in his driveway wearing a jacket with his fire department logo; his personal vehicle was running and the windshield was partially cleared of snow. Emergency medical service (EMS) personnel reported that the Captain was unresponsive with significant rigor mortis and no signs of life. Based on the local EMS protocols, the Captain was pronounced dead at the scene. Neighbors witnessed the Captain walking in his front yard less than a half hour before the call (1030 hours). Therefore, the Captain was assumed to be responding to the emergency call when he suffered a sudden cardiac event. The autopsy report, completed by the County's Medical Examiner's office, listed the cause of death as 'atherosclerotic and hypertensive cardiovascular disease.' The autopsy revealed severe coronary atherosclerosis with a remote (old) myocardial infarction, cardiomegaly, and left ventricular hypertrophy. NIOSH offers the following recommendations to reduce the risk of heart attacks and sudden cardiac arrest among fire fighters at this and other fire departments across the country.

关键词：事故分析；心脏骤停；心血管系统疾病

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On January 4, 2011, President Barack Obama signed into law the National Alzheimers Project Act (NAPA) (Public Law 111-375), requiring the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to establish the National Alzheimers Project to: Create and maintain an integrated national plan to overcome Alzheimers disease; Coordinate Alzheimers disease research and services across all federal agencies; Accelerate the development of treatments that would prevent, halt, or reverse the course of Alzheimers disease; Improve early diagnosis and coordination of care and treatment of Alzheimers disease; Decrease disparities in Alzheimer's for ethnic and racial minority populations that are at higher risk for Alzheimers disease; and Coordinate with international bodies to fight Alzheimers globally.

关键词：阿尔茨海默氏病；诊断；差异

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In 2009, pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (2009 H1N1) emerged worldwide, causing morbidity and mortality that disproportionately affected young adults. Upper respiratory infection (URI), largely due to adenovirus, is an endemic cause of morbidity in military training. Whether clinical presentations differ or excess morbidity results from coinfection is unclear.

关键词：腺病毒；临床医学；流行病学；甲型H1N1流感病毒

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Human adenoviruses of species B, C, and E (HAdV-B, C, -E) are frequent causative agents of acute respiratory infections worldwide. As part of a surveillance program aimed at identifying the etiology of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Egypt, we characterized 105 adenovirus isolates from clinical samples collected between 2003 and 2010. Identification of the isolates as HAdV was accomplished by an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and confirmed by a set of species and type specific polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Of the 105 isolates, 42% were identified as belonging to HAdV-B, 60% as HAdV C, and 1% as HAdV-E. We identified a total of six co-infections by PCR, of which five were HAdV-B/HAdV- C co-infections, and one was a co-infection of two HAdV-C types: HAdV-5/HAdV-6. Molecular typing by PCR enabled the identification of eight genotypes of human adenoviruses; HAdV-3 (n = 22), HAdV-7 (n = 14), HAdV-11 (n = 8), HAdV-1 (n = 22), HAdV-2 (20), HAdV-5 (n = 15), HAdV-6 (n = 3) and HAdV-4 (n = 1). The most abundant species in the characterized collection of isolates was HAdV-C, which is concordant with existing data for worldwide epidemiology of HAdV respiratory infections. We identified three species, HAdV-B, -C and -E, among patients with ILI over the course of 7 years in Egypt, with at least eight diverse types circulating.

关键词：病毒；年龄组；含量测定；链式反应；脱氧核糖核酸

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The Thermo Scientific Toxic Vapor Analyzer (TVA)-1000B is an intrinsically safe direct reading portable monitor that uses either a flame ionization detector, a photoionization detector, or both simultaneously to provide real-time measurements of organic and some inorganic vapor concentrations in air. This field guide provides operators and incident commanders the basic concepts for effective use of the TVA-1000B, including principles of operation and supplies required.

关键词：生物工程；生物环境；浓度（组成）；环境工程

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Years of sediment accumulation and dry conditions in recent years have led to the decline of water levels and capacities for many water-supply reservoirs in Missouri, and have caused renewed interest in modernizing outdated area/capacity tables for these reservoirs. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, surveyed the bathymetry of the four water-supply reservoirs used by the city of Cameron, Missouri, in July 2013. The data were used to provide water managers with area/capacity tables and bathymetric maps of the reservoirs at the time of the surveys.

关键词：校准；化学分析；铜硫化物；二丙二醇；发射光谱法

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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, tooth decay affects children in the United States more than any other chronic infectious disease. Untreated tooth decay causes pain and infections that may lead to other serious problems. Dental care visits are important to prevent and treat tooth decay and other dental problems in children. This Statistical Brief presents estimates based on the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS-HC) on the advice given by a doctor or other health provider to the parents of children for their dental checkups and frequency of childrens actual visits to the dentist. All differences between estimates noted in the text are statistically significant at the 0.05 level or better.

关键词：儿童；慢性疾病；牙齿保健；牙科

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