Effective treatment of sensory neuropathies in peripheral neuropathies and spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most difficult problems in modern clinical practice. Cell therapy to release antinociceptive agents near the injured spinal cord is a logical next step in the development of treatment modalities. But few clinical trials, especially for chronic pain, have tested the potential of transplant of cells to treat chronic pain. Cell lines derived from the human neuronal NT2 cell line parentage, the hNT2.17 and hNT2.19 lines,which synthesize and release the neurotransmitters gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin (5HT), respectively, have been used to evaluate the potential of cell-based release of antinociceptive agents near the lumbar dorsal (horn) spinal sensory cell centers to relieve neuropathic pain after PNS (partial nerve and diabetes-related injury) and CNS (spinal cord injury) damage in rat models. Both cell lines transplants potently and permanently reverse behavioral hypersensitivity without inducing tumors or other complications after grafting. Functioning as cellular minipumps for antinociception, human neuronal precursors, like these NT2-derived cell lines, would likely provide a useful adjuvant or replacement for current pharmacological treatments for neuropathic pain.

关键词：医药；治疗技术；中枢神经系统；SCI（脊髓损伤）；细胞治疗

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The project was intended to determine whether cytotoxic ionizing radiation induces upregulation of Hif1-alpha via a nitric oxide(NO)-mediated tumor stress response pathway and whether this effect can be inhibited by the administration of dietary glycine supplementation, which can suppress activation of the macrophages responsible for the NO. The ultimate goal was to test whether glycine effects tumor growth delay after ionizing radiation by suppressing this pathway. PC-3 cells transfected with a Hif-1 reporter detectable via bioluminescence imaging were implanted into nude mice and subjected to ionizing radiation (2-6 Gy), with or without prior and concurrent feeding with a glycine-rich diet. The results established the feasibility of this experimental model and confirm an increase in Hif-1; expression after ionizing radiation. Furthermore, the administration of dietary glycine supplementation suppressed radiation-induced Hif-1; expression and created a favorable growth delay in the xenograft model.

关键词：医药；治疗技术；前列腺癌；甘氨酸；放射疗法

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The Wilms' tumor gene, WT1, encodes transcription factors that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. WT1 protein is highly expressed in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), and is a rational target for immunotherapy. We have developed a vaccine comprised of four WT1 heteroclitic peptides that are given together with Montanide and GM-CSF as immunologic adjuvants. This WT1 vaccine was previously tested in a small pilot trial, and shown to be safe and immunogenic. We have chosen to test the efficacy of this vaccine in MPM patients who have minimal disease burden after completion of multimodality therapy, but remain at exceedingly high risk for recurrence. The specific aim of this project is to conduct a multicenter, blinded, randomized trial comparing treatment with the WT-1 peptide vaccine + Montanide/GM-CSF to treatment with Montanide/GM-CSF alone in patients with MPM who have completed multimodality therapy. The primary endpoint is progression free survival. The trial has opened at Memorial Sloan-Kettering and is actively enrolling patients.

关键词：医药；治疗技术；恶性胸膜间皮瘤；WT-1模拟肽疫苗

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The Dual Optical Embedded Dust Sensor (DOEDS) is designed for the sensitive, accurate detection of particles for preventive health monitoring of the AGT1500 engine and M1 Abrams/Ground Combat Vehicles (GCVs). DOEDS is a real- time sensor that uses an innovative combination of optical particle sensing technologies and mechanical packaging in a rugged, compact and non-intrusive optical design. The optical sensor, implementing both a single particle sensor and a mass sensor, can operate in harsh environments (up to 400 deg F) to meet the particle size, size distribution, mass concentration, and response time criteria. The sensor may be flush- or inline-mounted in multiple engine locations and environments.

关键词：光机电；传感器；光学内嵌；车辆预警

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Tamoxifen, the first targeted therapy, has shown great success in treating estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. However, both acquired and de novo resistance to this therapy prevents it from being effective in all situations. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that increased signaling through growth factor pathways, such as the IGF pathway, mediates resistance to tamoxifen. The link between ER and ICGF1R leads us to hypothesize that IGF system crosstalk with the ER contributes to tamoxifen resistance. Tamoxifen resistance has thus provided researchers with a reason to investigate other growth factor pathways involved in breast cancer. As new targeted therapies are being developed, it will be important to examine their benefit with existing therapies. In order to examine the effectiveness of anti-IGF1R inhibitors in vitro, tamoxifen resistant (TamR) cells were generated by culturing MCF-7L and T47D cells in the presence of 4-OH-tamoxifen for >6 months. TamR cells had dimished levels of IGF1R, with unchanged levels of insulin receptor (IR). Further, TamR cells failed to respond to IGF-I induced p-AKT activation, while retaining responsiveness to both insulin and IGF-II. Additionally, IGF-I failed to enhance the proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of TamR cells; however, both insulin and IGF-II were able to enhance proliferation in MCF anchorage-independent growth. An IGF1R antibody was effective in inhibiting signaling, anchorage-independent growth, and proliferation in MCF-7L cells, but had no effect in TamR cells. In contract, an IGF1R/TR tyrosine kinase inhibitor was effective in both MCF-7L and TamR cells. In a xenograft model, an IGF1R antibody was able to inhibit estrogen stimulated tumor growth, but had no additive effect when combined with tamoxifen treatment. Further, tamoxifen-treated xenografts had diminished IGF1R levels.

关键词：治疗计划；雌激素受体；乳腺癌

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This presentation describes an independent assessment of fuel cell durability status and discusses the project's relevance to the Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program; NREL's analysis approach; the FY12 technical accomplishments including the fourth annual publication of results; and project collaborations and future work.

关键词：燃料电池；耐用性；氢

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Prepared by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Office of Research, Demonstration, and Innovation (TRI), this report summarizes the accomplishments of fuel-cell-transit-bus-related research and demonstrations projects supported by FTA through 2011. It catalogs fuel cell electric bus research projects in the United States and describes their impact on commercialization of fuel cell power systems and electric propulsion for transit buses. Few barriers remain to reaching full commercialization of fuel cell electric buses. This report documents progress toward overcoming these barriers.

关键词：燃料电池；混合动力公交车；能源管理

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Fuel cells have long promised to be the next significant development in power systems technology across all industries. The Navy, with the support of the Office of Naval Research (ONR), has undertaken a range of fuel cell technology developments at NSWC Carderock SSES that support the potential future use in shipboard powering. To date, the focus has been on demonstrating fuel cell technology with marine fuels and the associated risk mitigation of fuel processing systems. There has been, to date, less of a focus on the assessment of the potential navy ship integration aspects. This paper reviews aspects of a study that aimed to assess the potential marine fuel cell technologies, their potential integration issues, and their likely impact on a representative naval ship design. The study had three broad aims: 1. Determine the feasibility & implications of integrating fuel cell systems into a naval ship design; 2. Provide direction for future Navy/ ONR fuel cell research & development plans; and 3. Integrate a candidate fuel cell based power system into a notional Navy ship design.

关键词：燃料电池；柴油燃料；舰艇

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In 2008, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), under contract to the US Department of Energy (DOE), conducted a manufacturing readiness assessment (MRA) of fuel cell systems and fuel cell stacks for back-up power and material handling applications (MHE). To facilitate the MRA, manufacturing readiness levels (MRL) were defined that were based on the Technology Readiness Levels previously established by the US Department of Energy (DOE). NREL assessed the extensive existing hierarchy of MRLs developed by Department of Defense (DoD) and other Federal entities, and developed a MRL scale adapted to the needs of the Fuel Cell Technologies Program (FCTP) and to the status of the fuel cell industry. The MRL ranking of a fuel cell manufacturing facility increases as the manufacturing capability transitions from laboratory prototype development through Low Rate Initial Production to Full Rate Production. DOE can use MRLs to address the economic and institutional risks associated with a ramp-up in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell production. In 2010, NREL updated this assessment, including additional manufacturers, an assessment of market developments since the original report, and a comparison of MRLs between 2008 and 2010.

关键词：燃料电池；制造；氢

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Security is not only relevant for the operation of the Smart Grid as a critical infrastructure but also very important for user acceptance. This especially affects domains like Smart Metering especially in the part of privacy issues. Many different standards exist in the IEC TC57 portfolio, among them standards especially designed for end-to-end security. Additionally international security standards like ISA 99 or the NERC CIP standards were developed and will be discussed here. Furthermore this chapter describes an overview on previous attacks in the energy domain, existing solutions and security standards, and also insights on security metrics and patterns.

关键词：智能电网；安全；标准；基础设施

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