Cofiring of biomass and coal at electrical generation facilities is gaining in importance as a means of reducing fossil fuel consumption, and more than 40 facilities in the United States have conducted test burns. Given the large size of many coal plants, cofiring at even low rates has the potential to utilize relatively large volumes of biomass. This could have important forest management implications if harvest residues or salvage timber are supplied to coal plants. Other feedstocks suitable for cofiring include wood products manufacturing residues, woody municipal wastes, agricultural residues, short-rotation intensive culture forests, or hazard fuel removals. Cofiring at low rates can often be done with minimal changes to plant handling and processing equipment, requiring little capital investment. Cofiring at higher rates can involve repowering entire burners to burn biomass in place of coal, or in some cases, repowering entire powerplants. Our research evaluates the current status of biomass cofiring in North America, identifying current trends and success stories, types of biomass used, coal plant sizes, and primary cofiring regions. We also identify potential barriers to cofiring. Results are presented for more than a dozen plants that are currently cofiring or have recently announced plans to cofire.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；生物质能；煤炭；化石燃料

查看摘要 索取原文[28页]

The Cryogenics Test Laboratory, NASA Kennedy Space Center, works to provide practical solutions to low-temperature problems while focusing on long-term technology targets for energy-efficient cryogenics on Earth and in space.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；低温技术；推进剂储存；热力学效率

查看摘要 索取原文[23页]

This report describes the work of NREL's Energy Storage group for FY2011. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) supports energy storage R&D under the Vehicle Technologies Program at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The DOE Energy Storage program's charter is to develop battery technologies that will enable large market penetration of electric drive vehicles. These vehicles could have a significant impact on the nation's goal of reducing dependence on imported oil and gaseous pollutant emissions. DOE has established several program activities to address and overcome the barriers limiting the penetration of electric drive battery technologies: cost, performance, safety, and life. These programs are: (1) Advanced Battery Development (through the United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC)); (2) Testing, Design and Analysis (TDA); (3) Applied Battery Research (ABR); and (4) Focused Fundamental Research, or Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT). In FY11, DOE funded NREL to make technical contributions to all of these R&D activities. This report summarizes NREL's R&D projects in FY11 in support of the USABC, TDA, ABR, and BATT program elements. In addition, we continued the enhancement of NREL's battery testing facilities funded through the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) of 2009.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；储能技术；电气电池；电动车；研究及开发

查看摘要 索取原文[94页]

This paper proposes novel handover schemes for railroad communications. Railroad communication network configuration is explained in order to utilize favorable characteristics of railroad communications. In this paper, railroad handover zone is newly proposed for efficient handover and group handover is also proposed in order to reduce handover control overhead. With little modification, the proposed schemes can be applied to machine-to-machine vehicular communications where devices in a moving vehicle communicate with a server in the network.

关键词：通信；越区切换；铁路通信；移动网络；IEEE 802.16 m

查看摘要 索取原文[8页]

As demand for higher data-rate wireless communications increases, so will the interest in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In a single transmitter, single receiver communication system, there is a fundamental limit to the data-rate capacity of the system proportional to the systems bandwidth. Since increasing the bandwidth is expensive and limited, another option is increasing the systems capacity by adding multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver to create a MIMO communication system. With a T transmitter, R receiver MIMO communication system, TR channels are created which allow extremely high data-rates. MIMO systems are attractive because they are extremely robust as they are able to operate when encountering channels with severe attenuation also known as deep fades. MIMO systems are known for their ability to achieve extremely high data-rates created by the multiple channels while improving bit error rate (BER) through diversity.

关键词：通信；无线通信；飞船；MIMO；无线电接收机

查看摘要 索取原文[128页]

The Department of Commerce's National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) led an interagency group to determine the viability of accommodating commercial wireless broadband in the 1755-1850 MHz band. While the analyses summarized in this report indicates there are a number of challenges to repurposing, NTIA concludes that it is possible to repurpose all 95 megahertz of the band. This analysis results from an eight-month evaluation process led by NTIA and engaging, via the Policy and Plans Steering Group (PPSG), the predominant federal agency users of this band. Each federal agency analyzed and documented its ability to relocate systems, associated costs, and anticipated periods of transition. In conducting the analysis, NTIA and the federal agencies endeavored to protect critical federal operations from disruption and to reach comparable capability via other spectrum, commercial services, or means that do not utilize spectrum, where appropriate.

关键词：通信；无线通信系统；宽带；可行性分析

查看摘要 索取原文[155页]

FEC techniques are compared for different MIMO configurations of a high altitude, extremely wide bandwidth radio frequency downlink. Monte Carlo simulations are completed in MATLAB(trade name) with the aim of isolating the impacts of turbo codes and LDPC codes on system throughput and error performance. The system is modeled as a transmit-only static array at an altitude of 60,000 feet, with no interferers in the channel. Transmissions are received by a static receiver array. Simulations attempt to determine what modulation types should be considered for practical implementation, and what FEC codes enable these modulation schemes. Results show that the best performing system configuration was unable to meet both criteria, but was capable of improving over Brueggen's 2012 research, which used Reed-Solomon codes and a MIMO configuration of 80:160, by 18.6. The best- case configuration produced a throughput rate of 0.83 Tbps at a BER of less than 1 x 10 to the minus 8th power, by implementing a rate 2/3 LDPC code with QAM constellation of 16 symbols.

关键词：通信；下行链路；无线电频率；MIMO

查看摘要 索取原文[105页]

The primary objectives of this project are to demonstrate: (1) energy efficiency gains achievable in small- to medium-sized buildings with MPC- based whole-building optimal control and (2) reduction in first costs achievable with a wireless sensor network (WSN)-based building heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) control system compared to a conventional wired system. The second objective is key because first cost is a barrier to wider application of advanced HVAC control and 70of the first cost is attributed to installation (wiring) and commissioning.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；建筑节能；ESTCP（环境安全技术认证计划）；HVAC（采暖通风与空调）

查看摘要 索取原文[51页]

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) can enable agile C2 functionality. The flexibility and loose coupling offered by the SOA paradigm means that both NATO and many of the NATO nations are basing their future information infrastructures on this paradigm. Web services, the most common and mature technology for implementing a service-oriented system, will inevitably be a part of this development, at least for use in fixed infrastructure networks. SOA, realized using Web services technology, is currently available at the higher levels of command such as (deployed) headquarters, but not necessarily at tactical levels. However, SOA is a proposed paradigm for delivering C2 at the tactical level. IST-118 is a recently started research group intended as a follow-on to IST-090. IST-090 identified several challenges related to applying SOA at the tactical level, in particular, disadvantaged grids. In this paper, we summarize the important findings of IST-090, and outline the program of work for the IST-118 group in which the goal is to create a recommendation for a tactical profile for using SOA in disadvantaged grids.

关键词：通信；指挥与控制系统；通信网络；协同工作；软件工程

查看摘要 索取原文[31页]

关键词：光机电；机器人；爬虫；二叉树

查看摘要 索取原文[32页]