Ghana's pharmaceutical market is among the largest in the West African region yet remains small on a global scale. Ghana's pharmaceutical market was valued at GHS1.29bn (USD293mn) in 2017, which is fairly modest in global terms and even by regional standards, representing just under USD11 per capita. Prescription medicines dominate the market representing 73% by value, while OTC medicines occupy a considerably smaller share at 27%. The prescription market share is split relatively evenly between patented drugs and generic drugs. However, we expect the market to become increasingly penetrated by generic medicines over the long-term, somewhat eroding patented medicines' share. Pharmaceutical sales accounted for 0.5% of GDP and 13% of total healthcare expenditure in 2017.

Smallest medical device market in the MEA region. Second lowest medical device per capita in the MEA region. Market will record double-digit growth over the 2017-2022 period. Other medical devices and diagnostic imaging have the largest market shares. Imports supply almost all of the market. The healthcare sector is considered one of the best in West Africa.

The automotive supercapacitor application has witnessed a high-phase of investment and rese arch to build a sustainable cost-effective electric power source for vehicle on-board application. The technology implementation is currently in the testing and validation phase. Global technology regulatory bodies are trying to develop different set of outlining framework for safe application of the innovative supercapacitor technology in the main stream automotive market. The drivers for supercapacitor technology in the automotive industry are closely related to electrification, advance self-driving technology, and smart connected vehicles, whereas challenges come from the low specific energy density and low-cost benefit ratio.

When defining luxury packaging, it is necessary to look at the product to be packed, as the definition of luxury cannot be associated with the product alone. It may be the nature of the product itself or the brand that contributes to the definition. Materials are considered to be luxury when they conform to a high standard of quality and strength.

A Kazakh and Hungarian private equity firm has provided financing for the Aina Dairy Farm in the Akmola region of Kazakhstan. USD10.4mn was provided by the CCL Kazakhstan Silk Road Agricultural Growth Fund. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the FAO are working with Kazakh authorities to modernise the dairy sector, by implementing digital solutions, such as geographic information systems (GIS), for instance. The Kazakh Ministry of Agriculture has revealed plans to create 31 mini-centres for milk-processing to boost value addition within the domestic dairy industry.

Kazakh real GDP growth will continue to receive tailwinds from global oil price and domestic crude production gains, though both factors will somewhat moderate in 2019 and 2020. • Moderating hydrocarbons growth will be offset by a strong outlook for investment, government led economic diversification and recovering private consumption. • Our real GDP growth forecasts of 3.8% in 2019 and 3.9% in 2020 thus remain above consensus, although we note that further KZT weakness could pose a headwind to Kazakhstan’s positive economic outlook.

The thermoelectric materials market is associated with the major companies providing thermoelectric materials to various end users such as automotive, healthcare, industrial, and electrical and electronics, among others. The varied range of market participants provides opportunities to other players willing to bear the high risks involved in the industry. This chapter details the latest strategies and technological developments adopted by the key market players in the thermoelectric materials market. In order to lead the market as well as engage in the process of market growth, a company needs to work in collaboration with the top market leaders, acquire the relatively weaker companies, bring new products and services to the market, and improve the existing products. Some of the key strategies adopted by the key market players are listed in the following figure

At the central governmental level, the Indian oil and gas sector is governed by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. The ministry has responsibility for all aspects of the sector, including exploration, production, refining, distribution, marketing and trade. Governance at the regional level varies by state. Some states (such as Rajasthan and Gujarat) have established energy directorates; in others, the role is subsumed within the departments of industry and commerce. The main regulatory bodies are the Directorate General of Hydrocarbons and the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board, which regulate the upstream and downstream sectors, respectively. Various other government bodies perform functions relevant to the oil and gas sector. These include the Centre for High Technology, the Oil Industry Development Board, the Oil Industry Safety Directorate, the Petroleum Conservation and Research Association and the Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell.

Tenth largest market in the Middle East & Africa (MEA) region. Per capita spending is below the MEA average. Market will record a high single-digit CAGR. Other medical devices and consumables have the largest market shares. The market is reliant on imports; the US and Germany are major partners. Local production consists largely of low technology products, such as medical dressings, syringes, dental supplies and optical products, but is not sufficient to fulfil demand. Leading medical tourism destination in the Middle East due to high quality medical services and competitive pricing. Small population but one of the fastest growing worldwide.

The majority of Jordan's pharmaceutical production is exported to foreign markets within the Middle East. Given the limited size of Jordan's pharmaceutical market, we expect Jordan will increasingly look to develop new export partners over the coming years. The shifting disease profile towards non-communicable diseases will create further opportunities for high-value innovative drugs. However, these will remain sourced from abroad given the relatively basic nature of local drugmakers' manufacturing capabilities. In absolute terms, Jordan's pharmaceutical market is somewhat overshadowed by neighbouring countries within the Middle East. As such, Saudi Arabia and the UAE dominate pharmaceutical expenditure in the region. However, Jordan still boasts a moderately large pharmaceutical market - surpassing those of Oman, Qatar, Yemen, Bahrain and Syria.