This report describes the activities of the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office for fiscal year (FY) 2011 and 2012 under the NOAA Authorization Act, 15 U.S.C. 1511d. This report fulfills the Congressional requirement in Sec. 307 (b)(7) for a biennial report on the activities of the Office and on the progress made in protecting and restoring the living resources and habitat of the Chesapeake Bay.

关键词：水产资源;栖息地;保护;报告的要求;水资源

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During the period, March 1997 February 2006, the Principal Investigator and his research team co-authored 47 peer-reviewed papers and presented, at least, 138 papers at conferences, meetings, and workshops that were supported either in whole or in part by this agreement. We developed a state-of-the-art satellite cloud processing system that generates cloud properties over the Atmospheric Radiation (ARM) surface sites and surrounding domains in near-real time and outputs the results on the world wide web in image and digital formats. The algorithms used in this system to generate cloud properties were validated and improved by the research conducted under this agreement. The team supported, at least, 11 ARM-related or supported field experiments by providing near-real time satellite imagery, cloud products, model results, and interactive analyses for mission planning, execution, and post-experiment scientific analyses. Comparisons of cloud properties derived from satellite, aircraft, and surface measurements were used to evaluate uncertainties in the cloud properties. Multiple-angle satellite retrievals were used to determine the influence of cloud structural and microphysical properties on the exiting radiation field.

关键词：环境科学;大气辐射;遥感;卫星;表面温度

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Cosmogenic radionuclides, such as ~(10)Be, are commonly used for reconstructing solar activity in the past. The interpretation of ~(10)Be records, most commonly obtained from polar ice cores, is complicated by the mixing of ~(10)Be in the atmosphere, its transport to polar regions and its deposition. Throughout the generations of ~(10)Be studies these complications have been mentioned but never investigated on a physical basis. This manuscript aims to summarize the recent efforts to study the atmospheric transport of ~(10)Be from its production to its deposition into the polar ice using three-dimensional physically based general circulation models (GCMs) of the atmosphere. These models represent our best understanding of the atmospheric processes up to date. The model studies indicate that the most important factor controlling the deposition response of ~(10)Be to production changes is the fact that a major part of it (～65) is produced in the stratosphere where its residence time is long and it undergoes strong mixing. Therefore, in an ideal archive the ~(10)Be concentrations will reflect the global mean production rate and hence changes in the solar activity. An explanation is offered for the partly different deposition responses of ~(10)Be snow concentrations to production changes obtained with two different GCMs.

关键词：大气传输;沉积;气候影响;铍-10

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Individual datastreams from instrumentation at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility fixed and mobile research sites are collected and routed to the Data Management Facility (DMF) for processing in near-real-time. Instrument and processed data are then delivered approximately daily to the ARM Data Archive, where they are made freely available to the research community. For each instrument, we calculate the ratio of the actual number of processed data records received daily at the Data Archive to the expected number of data records. The results are tabulated by (1) individual datastream, site, and month for the current year and (2) site and fiscal year dating back to 1998.

关键词：大气辐射；辐射测量；气候；数据库管理；数据采集

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In FY 2012, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) once again demonstrated leadership among federal agencies in reducing its environmental footprint and promoting sustainability. EPA continues to meet or exceed the federal sustainability goals required under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005), Executive Order (EO) 13514, and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions, energy efficiency, water conservation, green buildings, solid waste diversion, and other environmental performance metrics. In FY 2012, EPA focused on: reducing its Scope 1, 2, and 3 GHG emissions; implementing major energy efficiency projects; procuring green power; carrying out water conservation and stormwater management projects; improving and certifying its inventory of Federal Real Property Profile (FRPP) buildings as meeting the Guiding Principles for Federal Leadership in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings (Guiding Principles); acquiring high performance sustainable buildings that exceed the environmental performance of the facilities being replaced; and raising its non-hazardous solid waste diversion rate.

关键词：能源管理；节能；能源效率；温室效应；固体废弃物

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The Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) takes prospective detection and treatment leads, facilitates their paths to clinical application, and expedites the initial and subsequent large-scale testing of new agents, biomarkers, imaging tests, and other diagnostic and therapeutic interventions (radiation, surgery, immunotherapy) in patients.

关键词：癌症；医学研究；肿瘤；医疗；治疗；临床

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However, patients experience disease relapse from a persistent reservoir of chemotherapy resistant disease. There has been strong interest in developing immunotherapeutic strategies to eradicate  residual disease following autologous transplantation. Our group has developed a  tumor vaccine model whereby dendritic cells are fused with tumor cells. In clinical trials, vaccination with fusion cell results in anti-tumor immune and  disease responses in a subset of patients. However, vaccine efficacy is blunted  by tumor mediated immune suppression and the increased presence of regulatory T cells characteristic of patients with malignancy. An important element  contributing to tumor mediated immune suppression is the PD-1/PDL-1 pathway.  PD-L1 exerts a significant role in promoting T cell tolerance by binding PD-1 on activated T cells and suppressing their capacity to secrete stimulatory  cytokines. We have demonstrated that blockade of this pathway results in  enhanced immune responses to DC/myeloma fusion cells ex vivo. In the proposed study, we will examine toxicity, immunologic effect and clinical efficacy of  CT-011 therapy following stem cell transplantation for patients with myeloma.  These endpoints will then be assessed in patients undergoing combined therapy with the vaccine and antibody.

关键词：骨髓瘤；干细胞；T淋巴细胞；疫苗；抗体；细胞（生物）

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The aim of this study is to estimate the degree of residual hypoxia after whole  brain radiation therapy in patients with brain metastases from breast cancer as  quantified by F18 EF5 PET/CT imaging. We enrolled two patients on this study who  after completing radiation therapy were unable to complete the study as planned as they had progressive disease. One had progressive lung disease limiting her ability to lay supine for imaging, and the second patient developed leptomeningeal spread of her disease and declined further imaging studies. A third patient has been enrolled and is scheduled for imaging later in August 2012.

关键词：脑;乳腺癌;肺;转移;放射治疗

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The goal of the Sustainable Painting Operations for the Total Army (SPOTA) program is to significantly reduce the amount of hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions produced in coating operations, including adhesives application and removal. Adhesives and sealants account for approximately 5of U.S. Army-wide HAP emissions from surface coating operations. Materials conforming to Federal specification MMM-A-121 have been identified as one of the largest contributors. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate and validate the HAP-free alternative adhesive 3M-847 in place of the baseline materials 3M-1357, Clifton E-1293, and 3M-1300L adhesive for specification MMM- A-121. Based on 2003 data, switching from the baseline adhesives to the alternative 3M-847 would mean an Army-wide reduction of over 1000 lb/year of HAP emissions. This report summarizes the methods for successfully field testing adhesive on an aviation helmet (model no. HGU-56/P) edge beading preventative maintenance/repair and a U.S. Army UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter nose door seal, conducted at Lowe Army Heliport, Fort Rucker, AL. An additional field trial was conducted at Anniston Army Depot, AL, on a Stryker infantry carrier vehicle driver s access hatch seal with successful results. In particular, technicians found that processing the alternative adhesives was similar to that of the baseline, and after 6 months, the adhesive did not have any signs of blistering, delamination (either cohesively or adhesively), substrate failure, or deterioration of any kind. Overall, the HAP-free 3M-847 adhesive was qualified for use on MMM-A-121 requisite substrates, such as vulcanized rubber (styrene-butadiene rubber, neoprene, and nitrile) bonded to unpolished steel, in addition to alternative substrates, such as silicone rubber and lightweight composite materials, showing a high versatility to the 3M-847 adhesive.

关键词：胶粘剂;空气污染;羟基磷灰石；橡胶

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Polyester polymer concrete (PPC) was used in a trial application on a section of pavement that suffers from extensive studded tire wear. The purpose of the trial section is to determine if PPC is a possible repair strategy for this type of pavement damage. The PPC was applied in three methods; (1) as a 1 inch thick inlay of the entire lane that was diamond ground to remove all rutting from studded tire wear, (2) as an inlay of just the wheel paths that were diamond ground, and (3) as a feathered overlay of the existing pavement which had no diamond grinding to remove rutting. The test sections will be monitored for a minimum of five years to determine the performance of the PPC with particular emphasis on its ability to resist studded tire wear.

关键词：聚酯聚合物混凝土(PPC)；路面损伤修复策略

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