The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Association predicts that there will be nearly 50 billion connected devices by 2025, nearly ten times the worlds predicted human population. ABI estimates that through 2012, Machine-to-Machine connected devices will grow by 100m units per year by 2012.1 An M2M module uses a device to capture an event (temperature, activation of airbags, etc.), which is relayed through a network, either wireless or wired, to an application, such as a software program, that translates the captured event into meaningful information (e.g., ice warning, crash notification). An M2M device typically converts analog sensor data into internet protocol (IP) packets for transmission over a communications medium. M2M applications are often characterized by the absence of a human decision maker directly controlling communications intensity, frequency and costs, though there are M2M applications in the transportation sector that also require interaction with drivers. M2M devices can be transmitted over a variety of communications mediums including mobile satellite services, cellular networks, and even combinations of carriers and carrier coverage areas across several networks. Hybrid wireless solutions include intermediary devices such as cellular modems connected to an M2M endpoint via wireless local, personal area or near field communications networks such as Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth or Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The most common communications system for M2M in use today in North America is second generation (2G) wireless, using either General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) or Short Message Service (SMS), which uses signaling protocols that set up and tear down voice calls to transmit small amounts of data.

关键词：汽车；通讯；无线通讯；软件程序；移动卫星服务

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关键词：计算机通讯;计算机安全；计算机软件；网络安全；网络空间

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Since publishing the Great Lakes Networks first communication plan, science communication, particularly in the National Park Services Inventory and Monitoring program, has taken root and become an integral part of our work. Our first communication plan was necessarily broad in its goals and objectives because we were learning what was needed by parks and how we would fulfill those needs. We have been relatively successful in our efforts. In a 2011 survey of staff at the nine Network parks, 78of respondents said they were aware of Network monitoring programs being carried out in their parks. Thus, the goals and objectives in this plan are not much different than they were in 2009, but by achieving the four goals we have set in this version, we should improve upon the flow of information and diversify how it is presented. We are striving to clarify the relevance of our data to park management, strengthen the relationships between the Network and park interpreters, and to begin using social media and webinar technology. As always, we will evaluate our work towards these goals and continue improving how we work with and assist the Great Lakes Network parks.

关键词：沟通计划;网络;通信;监控

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This report provides information about federal and private sector efforts to promote and support global Internet freedom and a description of Internet freedom legislation and hearings from the 113th and 112th Congresses. Three appendixes suggest further reading on this topic and describe censorship and circumvention technologies.

关键词：互联网;通讯工具;全球市场;大众媒体；社交网络

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This test report analyzes the results of power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation testing of a 500 kW Satcon photovoltaic (PV) inverter. The tests were conducted at the Center for Advanced Power Systems (CAPS) at Florida State University (FSU) from March 12th through March 16th,2012. It complements the test report issued by FSU, which details the test procedure and overall test results. This report presents independent analysis conducted by Satcon of data captured during testing. It will focus specifically on the operation of the inverter during testing. The purpose of the report is to present analysis that: 1. Validates the microgrid test configuration by verifying that the inverter responds to the environment in a manner that is consistent with an equivalent real-world application; 2. Demonstrates two different power control modes of the inverter, and 3. Identifies areas for further development or refinement of the inverters existing power control functions, and identifies potential issues or modifications to the PHIL test approach for future similar PHIL tests.

关键词：光伏电源；逆变器；配电；电网；互联电网系统

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In May 2011, a girl aged 8 years from a rural county in California was brought to a local emergency department (ED) with a 1-week history of progressive sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and weakness. After she developed flaccid paralysis and encephalitis, rabies was diagnosed based on (1) detection of rabies virusspecific antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), (2) a compatible clinical syndrome in the patient, and (3) absence of a likely alternative diagnosis. The patient received advanced supportive care, including treatment with therapeutic coma. She was successfully extubated after 15 days and discharged from the hospital 37 days later to continue rehabilitation therapy as an outpatient. The public health investigation identified contact with free-roaming, unvaccinated cats at the patients school as a possible source of infection. Several of these cats were collected from the school and remained healthy while under observation, but at least one was lost to follow-up. A total of 27 persons received rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for potential exposures to the patients saliva. No further cases of rabies associated with this case have been identified. Rabies prevention efforts should highlight the importance of domestic animal vaccination, avoidance of wildlife and unvaccinated animals, and prompt PEP after an exposure.

关键词：加州;患者;狂犬病;发病率;死亡率;急诊科

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Effective treatment of sensory neuropathies in peripheral neuropathies and spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most difficult problems in modern clinical practice. Cell therapy to release antinociceptive agents near the injured spinal cord is a logical next step in the development of treatment modalities. But few clinical trials, especially for chronic pain, have tested the potential of transplant of cells to treat chronic pain. Cell lines derived from the human neuronal NT2 cell line parentage, the hNT2.17 and hNT2.19 lines,which synthesize and release the neurotransmitters gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin (5HT), respectively, have been used to evaluate the potential of cell-based release of antinociceptive agents near the lumbar dorsal (horn) spinal sensory cell centers to relieve neuropathic pain after PNS (partial nerve and diabetes-related injury) and CNS (spinal cord injury) damage in rat models. Both cell lines transplants potently and permanently reverse behavioral hypersensitivity without inducing tumors or other complications after grafting. Functioning as cellular minipumps for antinociception, human neuronal precursors, like these NT2-derived cell lines, would likely provide a useful adjuvant or replacement for current pharmacological treatments for neuropathic pain.

关键词：中枢神经系统、周围神经系统;神经细胞;疼痛;前兆;再版;脊髓;治疗

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The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the worlds most pressing global health challenges. Since the beginning of the epidemic, more than 60 million people have been infected with HIV, approximately 30 million of whom have died of HIV-related causes. As of 2009, there were 33.3 million people living with the virus, the vast majority of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. Expanded access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) over the past decade, due in large part to U.S. support, has contributed to declines in deaths among people living with HIV. Nonetheless, new infections continue to outpace access to treatment. The 112th Congress will likely be faced with determining how, and to what extent, the United States should respond to the continued challenge of global HIV/AIDS.

关键词：艾滋病毒/艾滋病;传染病;公共卫生;威胁评估;死亡率

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Withdrawal from these drugs is generally so intense that those who are dependent upon them continue taking the drugs in increasing dosages to avoid withdrawal or to maintain the high produced by the drugs. Withdrawal symptoms may begin within 6 hours after the last heroin usage and may last for up to several months. An effective treatment for opioid dependence and addiction includes medication-assisted therapy with the opioid medications methadone or buprenorphine, the only two opioids federally approved for the treatment of these conditions. Methadone relieves cravings, blocks the euphoric effects associated with heroin and other opioids, and prevents withdrawal. Buprenorphine aids in treatment by preventing symptoms of withdrawal.

关键词：药物;美沙酮;阿片类药物治疗;药物滥用;剂量,药物成瘾

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The Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) is a high-level global forum to share best practices and promote policies and programs that advance clean energy technologies and accelerate the transition to a global clean energy economy. The CEM works to increase energy efficiency, expand clean energy supply, and enhance clean energy access worldwide. To achieve these goals, the CEM pursues a three-part strategy that includes high-level policy dialogue, technical cooperation, and engagement with the private sector and other stakeholders. Each year, energy ministers and other high-level delegates from the 23 participating CEM governments come together to discuss clean energy, review clean energy progress, and identify tangible next steps to accelerate the clean energy transition. The U.S. Department of Energy, which played a crucial role in launching the CEM, hosted the first annual meeting of energy ministers in Washington, DC, in June 2010. The United Arab Emirates hosted the second Clean Energy Ministerial in 2011, and the United Kingdom hosted the third Clean Energy Ministerial in 2012. This year, India hosted the fourth Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM4) in New Delhi.

关键词：能源管理；能源效率；能源供应；清洁能源

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