As of May 6, 2013, Michigan had reported 167 (52%) of the 320 paraspinal or spinal infections without meningitis associated with the 20122013 fungal meningitis outbreak nationally. Although the index patient (1) had a laboratory-confirmed Aspergillus fumigatus infection, the fungus most often identified, including in unopened vials of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA), remains Exserohilum rostratum, a common black mold found on plants and in soil (2). Exposures have occurred through epidural, paraspinal, peripheral nerve, and intra-articular injection with MPA from contaminated lots compounded by the New England Compounding Center in Framingham, Massachusetts. The Michigan Department of Community Health and CDC conducted case ascertainment to describe epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of Michigan patients and to determine factors that might have contributed to the high percentage of spinal and paraspinal infections reported from Michigan. A distinct epidemiologic or clinical difference was not observed between patients with paraspinal or spinal infection with and without meningitis. Lengthy periods (range: 12121 days) were observed from date of last injection with contaminated MPA to date of first magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding indicative of infection. Clinicians should continue to maintain a higher index of suspicion for patients who received injections with contaminated MPA but have not developed infection.

关键词：发病率；死亡率；脊柱感染；医药

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No abstract available.

关键词：毒理学；口服毒性；医药

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The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Spending Estimates (SSE) initiative was created to provide policymakers with essential information on expenditures for mental health (MH) and substance abuse (SA) treatment services, sources of financing, and trends over time.1 The SSE has helped to document past inequities through its ability to compare spending and financing sources for MH and SA treatment with those for all-health spending. Such comparisons can be performed because the SSE was designed to closely mirror the National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA), which are produced annually by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). The current report presents estimates and analyses from 1986 through 2009. The results serve as a baseline for understanding the impact of coverage and eligibility expansions anticipated beyond 2009 and how the structure of financing will be affected. They will also allow policymakers to gauge the effectiveness of parity and coverage expansion from the financing perspective and point out unanticipated consequences, if any.

关键词：滥用药物；药物治疗方案；医药

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In 2005, mental health (MH) and substance abuse (SA) treatment spending totaled $135 billion, representing 7.3 percent of all-health spending. About 84 percent of all MHSA spending went for the treatment of mental illness and 16 percent for the treatment of substance use disorders. MH and SA treatment spending growth lagged behind growth in all-health spending between 1986 and 2005 (7.9 percent average annual all-health spending growth rate compared to 6.9 percent for MH spending and 4.8 percent for SA spending). These national estimates summarize spending trends across all States and the District of Columbia and meld together the rich diversity in behavioral health treatment spending patterns among the States. However, understanding that diversity could be useful to stakeholders seeking the best way to deliver and finance MHSA treatment. In recognition of the potential value of State-specific spending information, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) MHSA Treatment Spending Estimates were recently expanded from nationwide to State-specific estimates. They are reported here for the first time. Because they use consistent definitions and data sources, they offer SAMHSA, policymakers, and other stakeholders a comprehensive, uniform, and reproducible view of spending across all States. State-level estimates allow for inter-State comparisons of MHSA spending levels. They also allow for intra-State analyses of State-level MHSA spending within the context of overall health spending as well as examinations of the allocation of spending by provider type. Further, the State-level estimates can serve as a baseline for determining the impact of new policies or emerging economic conditions. Finally, State-level estimates can be coupled with other information from each State, such as data on treatment need, economics, demographics, or provider availability, in order to provide insight into the causes and consequences of different spending levels.

关键词：心理健康治疗；药物滥用治疗；流行病学；医药

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From 2008 to 2010, an estimated 194,000 highway vehicle fires occurred in the United States each year resulting in an annual average of approximately 300 deaths, 1,250 injuries and $1.1 billion in property loss. These highway vehicle fires accounted for 14 percent of fires responded to by fire departments across the nation. Highway vehicle fires include fires in passenger road vehicles (e.g., cars, motorcycles and off-road recreational vehicles), freight road transport vehicles (e.g., dump trucks, fire apparatus and tank trucks), and agricultural and construction vehicles. This topical report addresses the characteristics of highway vehicle fires reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) from 2008 to 2010.

关键词：汽车；高速公路；交通安全

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关键词：汽车；轻型汽车技术；二氧化碳排放

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The initial objective of this proposal is to characterize the regulation of BHC80 on the Snail-LSD1 interaction, and explore the prognostic value of BHC80 as biomarker for the metastasis of breast cancer. In the first year of the study, we aim to delineate the mechanisms underlying the interplay among BHC80, LSD1 and Snail. More specifically, we plan to verify if 1) the PHD finger of BHC80 interacts with the SNAG domain of Snail; 2) BHC80 affects the protein stability of Snail and LSD1; and 3) BHC80 affects LSD1/Snail binding to E-cadherin promoter. After we over-expressed the wild type and PHD finger deletion mutant of BHC80 in HEK293 cells and performed co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we found there was no significant difference between wild type and mutant BHC80 in regard to Snail binding affinity. We further identified that in addition to BHC80, PARP1 was a component of Snail/LSD1 complex. According to our initial data, BHC80 might cooperate with PARP1 to affect the protein stability of Snail and LSD1, as well as Snail/LSD1 binding to the target gene promoter. The identification and functional characterization of PAPR1 will potentially help us better understand the role of the Snail/LSD1 complex in breast cancer metastasis, and explore the prognostic value of this complex as a biomarker.

关键词：乳腺癌；转移；;基因表达；基因；医药

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The risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) associated with on-the-job operation of motor vehicles or exposure to road traffic hazards affects millions of workers in the United States, and this risk cuts across all industries and occupations. MVCs are consistently the leading cause of worker fatalities, affecting workers who drive all types of motor vehicles during their work day . passenger cars, heavy trucks, fire apparatus, and many others. A wide variety of interventions may be applied to prevent work-related MVCs: administrative controls such as seat belt policies, distracted-driving policies, pre-trip vehicle checks, driver training, reduced travel, and fatigue management; and engineering controls such as more crashworthy vehicles, advanced driver assistance systems, or active safety systems. Questions remain as to which are the most effective interventions to protect workers from risks of work-related MVCs. Through strategic planning, research, collaborations with stakeholders, and communication of research results and prevention, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is working to ensure that recommended solutions to prevent work-related MVCs and resulting injuries are based on sound research and are clearly communicated to employers and workers. The NIOSH Center for Motor Vehicle Safety (CMVS) is the focal point for activities within the Institute that address this pressing occupational safety problem. The CMVS was designated in December 2010 to strengthen and sustain the Institute's research and prevention activities to reduce work-related motor vehicle crashes and resulting injuries. It is a 'virtual' Center through which researchers from across the Institute and external partners from government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academia, labor, and industry bring complementary expertise to identify crash risk factors, develop and evaluate workplace interventions to prevent crashes, and communicate the results to employers and other stakeholders. The NIOSH CMVS is guided by the vision that: All workers who are exposed to hazards of motor vehicle traffic while working have the highest possible levels of protection from the risk of motor vehicle crashes and resulting injuries. The primary purpose of the 5-year strategic plan for the NIOSH CMVS is to define the priority areas for research and prevention initiatives through 2018.

关键词：事故预防；环境暴露；风险；通信

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A burst-mode PDM-16QAM digital receiver, implemented offline in MATLAB, is demonstrated. We test the receiver digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms with experimental data from a prototype optical switching node, consisting of a PLZT-based optical switching matrix with optical packet add-drop capabilities. By using wideband optical packets, a raw capacity of 10.24-Tbit/(s·port) (20 Gbaud 16-QAM, 64 wavelength channels, and 2-Polarizations) is achieved below the forward error correction (FEC) limit of 3×10~(-3).

关键词：突发模式接收机；分组交换网络；相干通信

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No abstract available.

关键词：用药；健康物质的使用；精神障碍；医药

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