Car-sharing is a membership-based, self-service system that contains a network of stations and vehicles, and is an alternative to traditional car ownership for individuals and companies. In this system, vehicles are owned by a separate firm, an organization, or individuals and are shared by users for short period of time. Over the past three decades, car-sharing has grown from a basic service provided by popular organizations to a widely recognized Urban Transport industry. It is also quickly developing into a globalized industry providing many with transportation, land use, environmental, and social benefits.

关键词：汽车共享；网络会员制；自助服务系统；替代；传统汽车

查看摘要 索取原文[62页]

A drivetrain is a group of components in a vehicle that delivers power to the driving wheels. There are three types of drivetrain: AWD, FWD, and RWD. Each drivetrain has two functions - first, to transmit power from the engine to the driving wheel and second, to vary the amount of torque.

关键词：传动系；提供动力；驱动轮；AWD；FWD；RWD

查看摘要 索取原文[71页]

Trucks are of several types: Light duty trucks, medium duty trucks, and heavy duty trucks. Heavy duty trucks, as the name implies, are used for heavy duty work, such as loading or pick-up and concrete mixer applications used in construction activities. These trucks have a GVWR of more than 26,000 lb. But, in terms of mileage and fuel emissions, the fuel economy of heavy duty trucks remains a concern among consumers and the governments in Europe. However, with the economic benefits of natural gas, the market will see a drift toward the usage of natural gaspowered trucks in the years to come.

关键词：卡车；轻型货车；中型货车；重型货车；重型工作；电动汽车

查看摘要 索取原文[62页]

HEVs combine two energy sources, mechanical (ICE) and electrical, to achieve better fuel economy and performance. These vehicles have a smaller gasoline engine than traditional vehicles. They use efficient technologies such as regenerative braking that charges the battery by converting kinetic energy into electric energy. Many HEVs have start-stop systems that shutdown the ICE when the vehicle is idle and restarts it whenever needed, thereby reducing idle emissions.

关键词：混合动力汽车；机械（冰）；电；燃油经济性；性能；转换动能充电再生能量；转化；电能

查看摘要 索取原文[86页]

An EV is an automobile that is powered by an electric motor using electric energy stored in the batteries or any other energy storage device. These vehicles offer advantages by being environmental friendly and energy efficient. The US is considered one of the main consumers of EVs. Because of rising environmental concerns and increasing greenhouse gas emissions, the benefits provided by various states governments for consumers (California, Georgia, New Jersey, and Illinois) have increased, in turn increasing demand and adoption of EVs.

关键词：电动汽车；汽车用；电能存储；电动马达驱动；电池；储能装置

查看摘要 索取原文[85页]

Intermodal transportation uses different modes of transportation to move goods from one place to another. Companies rely more on intermodal transportation for the shipment of automotive parts, consumer goods, and heavy vehicles. The main reasons for the increased use of intermodal transportation are improved efficiency, cost reduction, and environmental impact. According to the Intermodal Association of North America, there was a 33% increase in shipping by intermodal rail in 2010 from the previous year. Rail-road transportation is the most important and common mode of intermodal transportation for freight, and approximately 41% of the total intermodal freight is transported by this mode. It offers many advantages over other modes of transportation such as it is cost-efficient and easy to track, there are few idle periods, and it offers door-to-door delivery, a quicker delivery time, the safety of the cargo, and the ability to use different routes. The intermodal freight transportation industry is also introducing some major advances in technology such as ICT, computerized vehicle routing, active traffic management, and online freight exchange.

关键词：联运；交通方式；汽车装运；消费品；重型车辆；改善效率；降低成本

查看摘要 索取原文[88页]

Automotive safety systems are designed and produced to comply with standards and regulations prescribed by government agencies and transport authorities across the world. Passive safety systems such as airbags and seatbelts are designed to protect passengers, drivers, and pedestrians during an accident. With growing safety concerns among consumers and increase in road fatalities, government agencies and organizations such Euro NCAP, US NCAP, and India NCAP are mandating the inclusion of airbags in all new automobiles.

关键词：汽车安全系统；设计和生产；运输管理部门；被动安全系统；安全气囊；安全带

查看摘要 索取原文[74页]

An automotive exhaust system is used to guide reaction exhaust gases away from the controlled combustion in the engine. The system includes one or more exhaust pipes depending on the design and requirement of the automobile.

关键词：汽车排气系统；受控引导；发动机；降低噪音；加大发动机功率；减少空气污染

查看摘要 索取原文[72页]

An EV traction motor converts electrical energy into motion that propels an EV. Traction motors form a major component in EVs such as cars, two-wheelers, light industrial/commercial vehicles, military vehicles, buses, and others. These motors are the primary determinant of the performance and affordability of an EV.

关键词：EV；牵引电动机；电能；转换；推动；电动汽车

查看摘要 索取原文[74页]

An HUD is a display indicator that displays information onto a transparent screen, combiner, or windshield. The major application sectors of HUDs are automotive and aviation. The main use of HUDs in these sectors is to increase situational awareness and enhance safety margins. The primary components of HUDs are.

关键词：HUD；显示信息；透明的屏幕；指标；汽车和航空；提高；态势感知能力；安全裕度

查看摘要 索取原文[106页]