The global automotive industry is highly competitive. The nature of competition, product life cycle, and consumer demand result in dynamic growth of the industry. Presently, the industry is characterized by companies that are relocating their production centers from developed to developing regions. During the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, the industry experienced a considerable decline in demand; however, it has slowly stabilized primarily due to the relative economic stability in developing nations.

Electron beam (e-beam) wafer inspection system is a semiconductor fab equipment that is used during the semiconductor wafer manufacturing process to find defects in the wafers before packaging them. Apart from the production process, it is also used for R&D purposes. As the use of semiconductor wafers is prevalent in a large number of industries like consumer electronics, automotive, and industrial, the demand for ebeam wafer inspection systems is bound to grow during the forecast period.

The consumption of rechargeable batteries is growing globally, covering all major sectors, including consumer electronics, energy, automotive, and telecom. The efficiency of the batteries (the maximum output power with respect to size and weight) has improved due to the advances in technologies. This growth in the global rechargeable battery market has prompted companies to become knowledgeable about the thermal management of battery systems, such as solutions for overheating and cold weather conditions, to improve battery life and performance.

An electric motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy by the interaction of magnetic field with the current. The motor mainly consists of two parts: a rotor and a stator. The motors can be categorized into direct current (DC) motor and alternating current (AC) motor based on the type of electricity used by the motor. Furthermore, AC motors are classified into synchronous or asynchronous motors, and DC motors are classified into brushed and brushless motors.

Mirrors are a crucial visual aid for safe driving. Some of them are manually operated while others are electronically operated. Many types of mirrors, including interior rear view, side view, and front view mirrors are used in vehicles. The dimensions and positioning of the mirrors vary according to the type of vehicle.

The automatic soft-close door is a door locking mechanism in automobiles. These systems help enable the door to be closed gently rather than banging it with significant force. In this system, the sensor mounted near the latch detects the door within half an inch and actuates a motor that pulls the door to a complete shut position.

The global four-wheeler industry comprises, passenger cars for personal use and vehicles that are used for commercial use. Both these segments operate under contrast market dynamics with different customer behaviors and value chain. The passenger cars segment is growing steadily due to the rising population of individuals, especially those belonging to the middle-income group, especially in the emerging countries owing to their rising purchasing power. On the contrary, the growth of commercial vehicles (CVs) is relatively flat due to lower industrial output globally.

Location-enabled mobile devices include smartphones, tablets, and devices fitted in vehicles. The location of such devices is determined by a mechanism known as localization, which considers the user's browsing activities related to navigation, lifestyle, shopping, social networking, public transportation, utilities, and games. Indoor LBS provide information regarding ongoing local events, shopping, and entertainment with the support of mobile devices. They have become a key component of marketing strategies and monitoring systems.

Electric vehicles date back to the early part of 18th century. In the early part of the 1930s, it is believed that the first small-scale model of an electric vehicle powered by an electric motor was designed. Then, in consecutive years, similar developments of small electric cars took place, which were powered by DC electric motors. In later decades, better and improved designs were forged with new developments and inventions in the field of electric motors. Such inventions increased capacity in storage and the vehicles became more practical. As the electric vehicles became more practical and functional, the government of various economies started supporting the development activities of electric vehicles. The governments of European economies like France and Great Britain first supported R&D in electric vehicles. An electric vehicle designed in 1899 named as ‘La Jamais Contente’ set the world land speed record at that time by a recording speed of 68 mph.

HEVs represent the transformation of the global automotive industry. HEVs are an amalgamation of ICE vehicles and electric vehicles (EVs). Currently, traditional ICE vehicles dominate the industry due to their tested and proven engine mechanism, performance, and buyers' preferences.