Mechanical seals converge/connect parts of systems or mechanisms to prevent leakage of fluids. The plumbing systems in the manufacturing, aerospace, automotive, electrical and electronics, and petrochemical industries use these seals to prevent fluid leakage by maintaining the pressure flow. The plumbing mechanism employed by the industries determines the type of seals required for joining the parts.

Natural gas vehicles (NGV) are alternative fuel vehicles that use natural gas in place of diesel or gasoline as fuel for combustion. Natural gas is used in two forms in automobiles: compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG). LNG is stored as a supercooled liquid and is used for combustion. A temperature range between -184 degrees Fahrenheit and -274 degrees Fahrenheit is maintained for the storage of LNG. The advantage of using LNG is that it has a high calorific value that is comparable to that of gasoline. However, it needs high investment in infrastructure to maintain the temperature of the cryogenic liquid. CNG is stored in a gaseous form and an odorant is added to it to detect leakage. Normally, it is stored in high-pressure tanks with a pressure range of 20 to 25 MPa.

A car rack consists of a set of bars mounted on the roof, hitch, or trunk of a car that secures bikes and skiing equipment for transportation. It acts as an anchor, which supports and securely holds many items, amplifying the luggage-carrying capacity of a car.These racks are specialized for mounting bikes, water sports equipment, skis, and boats. While some vehicles come with factory-installed car racks as standard, others can be purchased and fit with aftermarket parts. They can be fit either temporarily or permanently.

RVC: A RVC is a type of automotive camera, which is installed at the rear end of the vehicle, which gets activated when switched to reverse gear. A display unit near driving system helps in reversing and parking.The bus RVC market encompasses the RVCs used in the buses, which are used for reversing and parking by reducing the blind spot. This cannot be used as a replacement for the side view mirrors in the buses.

An automotive winch is defined as a system that is used for towing a vehicle. The system is mostly used by SUVs, pickup trucks, and other commercial vehicles,wherein a towing mechanism is used that envelopes the wire around the drum while keeping the necessary tension on it.

The working principle of an automotive winch is similar to pulley-chain mechanism,wherein the vehicle equipped with winch system is used to pull or tow the other vehicle, which has had a breakdown or has got stuck in the mud or for normal towing purposes. The pulling power of the winch system depends upon its towing capacity and the maximum permissible load of the cable used in the winch system.

An automotive washer pump is a device used to generate pressure and send cleaning fluid through the nozzle to clean windshields, rear windows, and headlamps. They help in providing better visibility to drivers.The report considers washer pumps used in both passenger and commercial vehicles. The passenger vehicles considered are SUVs, hatchbacks, and luxury sedans. Rear wiper washer pumps have been considered for hatchbacks and SUVs.The global automotive washer pumps market accounted for 149.55 million units in 2016, and it is expected to have gradual growth at a CAGR of 1.90% during the forecast period. The market is expected to account for 164.32 million units by the end

of the forecast period.

An automotive turbocharger is a turbine-driven forced induction device that helps the engine to produce additional power. It improves the overall performance of the vehicle.Variable geometry turbochargers (VGTs) are a family of turbochargers that are generally designed to allow an effective aspect ratio (A/R) of the turbo to be altered based on the change in conditions. This is because the optimum A/R at low engine

speeds is different from the required optimum ratio at high engine speeds. VGT allows the altering of these ratios such that the turbo is maintained at optimum levels at all engine speeds.

The torque vectoring mechanism allows the differential to vary the torque that is available at each driving wheel. It allows the wheels of a vehicle to get a better grip on the road for the launch and handling purposes.The term "torque vectoring" was coined by Jon Wheals, a chief innovation engineer in a UK-based engineering firm, Ricardo, in 2000.Torque vectoring as a technology is developed as an addition to the basic or standard differential. Hence, this technology performs the basic tasks of a usual differential, as well as transmitting torque independently to the driving wheels. This ability to transfer independent torque generally results in the improvement of vehicular handling and traction. Torque vectoring differentials was originally evolved for racing, especially rally racing purposes. Some of the earliest cars to come with this technology belonged to Mitsubishi Motors. This technology has been implemented in production vehicles following a significant development lead time.

The penetration of steel wheels is higher in LCVs and M&HCVs compared with passenger cars, as there is an increasing preference for passenger cars equipped with alloy wheels.Based on application, the market is segmented into passenger cars, LCVs, and M&HCVs.The global automotive steel wheel market grows in direct proportion to the number of vehicles sold each year. The resurgence of the US economy, growing preference for M&HCVs for logistics, increasing sales of low-priced cars, and low penetration of passenger cars in APAC are the key factors driving this market.

This report covers the present scenario and growth prospects of the global automotive start-stop system market for 2017-2021. To calculate the market size, the report considers the sales of passenger cars equipped with start-stop systems. In addition,the report discusses the major drivers that influence the growth of the start-stop systems in the global market. It also outlines the challenges faced by the operators and the market at large, as well as the emerging trends.