The most significant demand for lithium comes from battery applications. Lithium-ion batteries are currently used in most electric vehicles because of their high energy per unit mass relative to other electrical energy storage systems. They also exhibit a high power-toweight ratio, high energy efficiency, high-temperature performance, and low self-discharge. At present, the majority of today’s all-electric vehicles and PHEVs use lithium-ion batteries. • The increase in the production of electric vehicles (EVs) is driven by the initiatives taken by several governments toward zero-emission and eco-friendly vehicles, as well as the growing consumer awareness.

Dealership management systems enable auto and equipment dealers to fulfill customer demands for swift and reliable purchases and services. The system also helps to meet customer requirements by coordinating products and services and ensuring the dealers are ready and equipped to offer the parts required for repairs. Therefore, it simplifies the repair and maintenance services and inventory management process. It allows seamless handling of financial reporting, payroll services, and cash flow management. The system integrates various advanced technologies, including customer relationship management (CRM), inventory management, and business intelligence and reporting. Auto dealers across the world are procuring dealer management systems for enhanced inventory management, customer retention, and customer conversions.

To enhance road safety and comply with increasingly stringent government regulations in Western countries, automakers face the challenge of integrating various technologies for driver assistance into their new models. These technologies, collectively known as Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), aim to prevent accidents at high speeds and to aid in backward movements for parking. Beyond safety improvements, ADAS applications enhance comfort, convenience, and energy efficiency. This emerging driving technology incorporates features, such as adaptive cruise control, automatic emergency brakes, blind spot monitoring, lane change assistance, and forward collision warnings, leveraging data from radar, lidar, ultrasound sensors, and more.

The global automotive belt tensioner pulleys market can be defined as the market for the devices used in automotive engines to maintain the proper tension of the belts that drive various engine components. These pulleys are essential in ensuring that the belts operate efficiently and do not slip or wear prematurely. The market encompasses the manufacturing, distribution, and sale of belt tensioner pulleys worldwide, catering to the needs of both original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and aftermarket customers. OEMs are the major customers in this market as they require belt tensioner pulleys to be installed in new vehicles during production. The global automotive belt tensioner pulleys market includes various types of pulleys, such as automatic and manual tensioner pulleys, idler pulleys, and auxiliary tensioner pulleys. These pulleys are used in different automotive applications, including passenger cars, commercial vehicles, and off-road vehicles.

The train collision avoidance system (TCAS) offers a warning or situational awareness that is specifically designed to prevent train collisions. Such systems are also extensively used in the mining and automotive sectors, apart from the railways sector, to avoid accidents caused by collisions. These are not specific to train mounting and can be deployed on railway tracks, crossings, and track-changing junctions.

The car and truck wash refers to the industry that provides cleaning, washing, and detailing services for cars and trucks on a commercial scale. This market caters to both private vehicle owners and commercial fleet owners who require regular cleaning and maintenance of their vehicles. Car and truck wash services can include various types of cleaning methods, such as handwashing, automated washing, pressure washing, steam cleaning, and waxing, to ensure a thorough cleaning of the vehicles. These services are typically offered at car wash facilities, gas stations, auto dealerships, or mobile services that can be delivered directly to the customer's location.

Thermal barrier coatings are specialized materials used on surfaces that are subjected to high temperatures, such as the parts of automobile engines, industrial boilers, and gas turbine engines. By protecting against intense heat, these coatings improve the performance and longevity of components. By acting as insulating layers, they lessen heat transfer and help keep things from being too hot. In industries where temperature control, corrosion resistance, and longer equipment lifespan are essential, thermal barrier coatings are essential.

Automotive retreaded tires, also known as remolded or reconditioned tires, are used tires that have undergone a process to replace the worn-out tread with a new layer of rubber. This process involves carefully removing the old tread from the tire casing, inspecting the casing for any damage or defects, and then applying a fresh layer of tread using specialized machinery.

An automotive camless engine is defined as an engine configuration wherein the poppet valves are operated using pneumatic, electrohydraulic, or electromagnetic actuator systems instead of conventional cams. The intake or exhaust valves are operated using this camless arrangement of the camshaft, which incorporates the use of springs or other means. This type of engine configuration has been recently developed by engine designers and developers for achieving optimum performance and fuel efficiency in addition to reduced carbon emissions.

Automotive communication protocols are standardized sets of rules and conventions that facilitate communication between various electronic components and control systems within modern vehicles. These protocols enable different parts of a vehicle to exchange information and data, such as engine diagnostics, safety systems, and entertainment features.