Growing technological advancements and innovation has evolved the automobile industry since its origin in the nineteenth century. Since the past two centuries, the automotive industry has shaped the world’s economy and the lifestyle of billions of people. The convergence of various emerging technologies in the industries within the automotive ecosystem, such as driverless vehicles, advanced vehicle sensors, and connected vehicle technologies, among others are various factors changing the paradigm of the automotive industry. Though still in its initial stages, self-driving technology is becoming increasingly common and could drastically change the landscape of our transportation system. Numerous self-driving technologies have been developed by key players in the industry, such as Google, Uber, Tesla, and Nissan, among others. While design details may vary, most self-driving systems create and maintain an internal map of their surroundings, depending on a wide array of sensors, such as radar, cameras, LiDARs, and ultrasonic sensors. The self-driving prototypes developed by Uber use sixty-four laser beams, along with other sensors, to design their internal map. The prototypes created by Google are at various stages, and are using lasers, radar, high-powered cameras, and sonar. Various software providers are integrating with autonomous car developers to deliver software platforms and solutions to processes inputs, plot paths, and deliver instructions to the vehicle’s actuators, which control acceleration, braking, and steering. Several features are being integrated into the system, including hard-coded rules, predictive modeling, smart object discrimination, and obstacle avoidance algorithms that aid the software follow traffic rules and navigate obstacles.

The global superalloys market was valued at $6,217.3 million in 2019, and is estimated to reach $11,953.9 million by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 8.6% from 2020 to 2027. Superalloys are the group of alloys that consist of nickel, cobalt, and iron as base materials along with other metals to enhance their properties. These alloys are widely used in industries such as aerospace gas turbine engines, nuclear reactors, power generation turbines, petrochemical equipment, rocket engines, and others, owing to their enhanced properties such as high mechanical strength; creep resistance at high temperature; significant surface stability; and corrosion, oxidation, & high-temperature resistance. The global superalloys market is driven by increase in demand for these alloys in range of industries such from industrial gas turbines and automotive. They are widely used in turbine engines, as the thermodynamics efficiency of turbine engines is increased with increasing turbine inlet temperature, which is expected to provide lucrative growth opportunity to the market players. Moreover, increased applications of superalloys in the aerospace and automotive sectors also boosts the market growth. However, high cost of these alloys is anticipated to hamper the market growth during the forecast period.

The market studied is expected to grow significantly in the future, majorly driven by the expansion of polymer resin production. Polymers are widely used in applications, such as injection molding, blow molding, and others, across various end-user industries, including electrical and electronics, automotive, construction, medical, and consumer. The market studied is significantly influenced by the increasing trends in the automotive industry, such as lower emissions, increasing demand for lighter vehicles, fuel efficiency, and other factors. In addition, the rising number of electrical vehicles around the world, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, has boosted the demand for polymer resins. The demand for packaged products has also increased over the recent years, which is further propelling the demand for polyolefins. The increased use of plastic as a substitute for glass and metal products, the development of new products, and an increased level of sophistication in plastic processing methods are some of the major factors that have led to the expansion of polymer and resin production in these industries. Many countries in the Asia-Pacific region, par ticularly China and India, are expanding their polymer resin production levels, in order to reduce their dependency on imports.

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is a high-performance, opaque, thermoplastic material. It is known for high resistance to heat, burning, and chemicals, and has good electrical proper ties. Most commercial grades are glass-fiber reinforced. Others contain mineral filler, carbon, or PTFE. The following values are based on 40% glassreinforced PPS, which is the most frequently used. Owing to its various properties (as mentioned in the next slide) it is used in many applications, such as electrical/electronic applications, automotive applications, industrial applications, appliances, general purpose, electronic displays, bearings, pump parts, appliance components, and electrical parts. Moreover, PPS is considered an alternative matrix amongst the cheapest commodities and high-performance polymers, e.g. polyarylether ketone, polyether ether ketone, and polyamide. Composites made up of PPS are used for many applications, like production of plug boards, coil formers, chip carriers, automotive main parts, connectors, switches, relays and medical applications, etc.

Connected car can be defined as a car that is equipped with a wireless local area network (Wireless LAN) and usually with internet. This connectivity allows the car to share data and internet access with any other device both outside and inside the vehicle. In addition, car is also installed with special added technology that connects to internet or wireless LAN and provides additional benefits such as navigation, vehicle diagnosis, and others to the driver. The connected cars market has witnessed significant growth over the years, owing to increase in trend of connectivity solution worldwide.

The report incorporates the study of the global electric vehicle market that focuses on the type of electric vehicles and alternative fuels used in different vehicles. An electric vehicle functions on electricity and does not use conventional fuels, such as gasoline or diesel, as its power source. The chemical energy of alternative fuel is converted into kinetic energy in the engine to propel the vehicle. Moreover, the usage of alternative fuel and electricity in these vehicles lead to zero emissions, making them ecofriendly. The advent of electric vehicles is a paradigm shift in the modern world. Automobile manufacturers are inclined toward electric and alternative fuel vehicles due to increase in vehicle emission regulations.

Electric vehicle charger is used to charge electric vehicles with a battery and the electrical source that helps to charge the battery. Currently, three different modes of charging are available in the market, level 1, level 2, and DC fast charging. Level 1 and level 2 charging are the types of AC mode of charging, which charge the vehicle at 120 volts and 240 volts, respectively. Such chargers can be installed at home or public places as per the individual’s requirements. The electric vehicle chargers market is analyzed in accordance with the impacts of the drivers, restraints, and opportunities. The period studied in this report is from 2019 to 2027.

A charging station is part of the grid infrastructure installed along a street, parking lot or in a home garage; its primary purpose is to supply the power to the different types of electric vehicles (PHEV, BEV and HEV’s) for charging the battery. The AC charging system is commonly an on-board charger mounted inside the vehicle, and it is connected to the grid when the vehicle is plugged in. An onboard charger is responsible for the final stage of charging the battery pack. It takes the AC power source from the EVSE and transforms the power into the required battery-charging profile. The on-board charger is designed with a lower kilowatts of power transfer (charging rate), and is dedicated to charge the battery for a long period (typically 5–8 h for full charge). Due to the limitation of allowable payload and space of the EV, the on-board charger needs to be lightweight (typically less than 5 kg) and compact.

Car rental companies offer automobiles on rent with a suitable fee for a certain duration, which can range from hours to months. Presently, various types of cars including economy cars, executive cars, luxury cars, SUVs, and MUVs are available on rent. These cars are rented for different purposes such as airport transport, local usage, outstation, event transportation, self-drive, and employee transportation. Besides basic vehicle renting, car rental firms often offer additional services such as entertainment systems, GPS navigation systems, and insurance. These companies offer their facilities to people who do not own a vehicle, whose vehicles are out for maintenance, or have no access or limited access to personal vehicles. In addition, owners of broken vehicles and tourists & travelers avail these services. This service is generally structured across various local branches that facilitate customers to easily return vehicles at their preferred locations. The car rental procedure is often managed through websites, making way for customers to book their vehicles online.

Needle coke industry is a primary raw material that finds its significant application in the production of steel, aluminum, stainless steel, silicon metals, and some other ferrous as well as non-ferrous metals. Needle coke also finds its key applications in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries that are in high demand in the automotive industry. Petroleum needle coke is mainly preferred by steel and battery manufacturers. This is because the battery and steel manufacturers working on the EAF technique only work on high-quality needle coke, ultra-high purity (UHP) for the production of lithium-ion battery anodes, and graphite electrodes. The growth of the needle coke market can be attributed to a steady surge in demand for lithium-ion battery anodes to be used in lithium-ion batteries coupled with high demand for graphite electrodes across the steel industry. The steel industry witnessed a growth rate of approximately 4% in 2018 in terms of production as compared to the previous year. Along with this, the share of electric arc furnace (EAF) route of steel production is increasing as compared to that of BOF, and this is further expected to provide impetus to the demand for graphite electrodes, thus influencing the growth of global needle coke market. The needle coke market is a very concentrated market consisting of approximately ten giant players. GrafTech International Ltd. and Phillips 66 Company are the leading manufacturers active in the needle coke market.