With increasingly stringent environmental concerns, governments and environment agencies across the world have been continually working toward reducing exhaust emissions. They have also been focusing on improving fuel economy, which, in turn, is expected to aid in reducing exhaust emissions. As a result, automobile manufacturers have been working toward reducing the overall weight of vehicles, as it can ensure prominent reduction in CO2 emissions. Weight reduction of 10 kg is estimated to save 1 g of CO2 emission per kilometer. In this regard, the focus on the adoption of subsystems, like EPS, has increased, as the incorporation of the EPS results in significant weight savings. In EPS, an electric steering system replaces the hydraulic piston and pump with an electric motor. The motor draws electricity from the battery, only when the vehicle is turning. There is no power loss in such systems, which decreases the fuel consumption of the vehicle. In addition, the aforementioned developments aid in weight reduction, in turn resulting in fuel efficiency of up to 3% and less carbon emissions. When compared to the hydraulic power steering systems, increased fuel efficiency is one of the most deserving advantages of the EPS systems. Furthermore, the automotive industr y’s paradigm shift toward electric mobility is projected to shift the focus of the manufacturers toward electric vehicle (EV) production, over the coming years.

The rate at which the development of autonomous vehicles is very astonishing. About a year ago, few would have argued that the existence of these cars is not reality. But at present, these vehicles are being piloted in number of countries and few are running on the public roads as well. The question is, when are all the cars on roads becoming fully autonomous. It is believed that it may take 10 years or 30, the implications are so far-reaching that policymakers need to star t planning now for autonomous vehicles future. Major automaker companies, technology giants and specialist star t-ups have invested more than USD 50 billion over the past five years, in order to develop autonomous vehicle (AV) technology, with 70% of the money coming from other than the automotive industry. At the same time, public authorities see that AVs offer huge potential economic and social benefits.

Growing technological advancements and innovation has evolved the automobile industry since its origin in the nineteenth century. Since the past two centuries, the automotive industry has shaped the world’s economy and the lifestyle of billions of people. The convergence of various emerging technologies in the industries within the automotive ecosystem, such as driverless vehicles, advanced vehicle sensors, and connected vehicle technologies, among others are various factors changing the paradigm of the automotive industry. Though still in its initial stages, self-driving technology is becoming increasingly common and could drastically change the landscape of our transportation system. Numerous self-driving technologies have been developed by key players in the industry, such as Google, Uber, Tesla, and Nissan, among others. While design details may vary, most self-driving systems create and maintain an internal map of their surroundings, depending on a wide array of sensors, such as radar, cameras, LiDARs, and ultrasonic sensors. The self-driving prototypes developed by Uber use sixty-four laser beams, along with other sensors, to design their internal map. The prototypes created by Google are at various stages, and are using lasers, radar, high-powered cameras, and sonar. Various software providers are integrating with autonomous car developers to deliver software platforms and solutions to processes inputs, plot paths, and deliver instructions to the vehicle’s actuators, which control acceleration, braking, and steering. Several features are being integrated into the system, including hard-coded rules, predictive modeling, smart object discrimination, and obstacle avoidance algorithms that aid the software follow traffic rules and navigate obstacles.

The global superalloys market was valued at $6,217.3 million in 2019, and is estimated to reach $11,953.9 million by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 8.6% from 2020 to 2027. Superalloys are the group of alloys that consist of nickel, cobalt, and iron as base materials along with other metals to enhance their properties. These alloys are widely used in industries such as aerospace gas turbine engines, nuclear reactors, power generation turbines, petrochemical equipment, rocket engines, and others, owing to their enhanced properties such as high mechanical strength; creep resistance at high temperature; significant surface stability; and corrosion, oxidation, & high-temperature resistance. The global superalloys market is driven by increase in demand for these alloys in range of industries such from industrial gas turbines and automotive. They are widely used in turbine engines, as the thermodynamics efficiency of turbine engines is increased with increasing turbine inlet temperature, which is expected to provide lucrative growth opportunity to the market players. Moreover, increased applications of superalloys in the aerospace and automotive sectors also boosts the market growth. However, high cost of these alloys is anticipated to hamper the market growth during the forecast period.

The market studied is expected to grow significantly in the future, majorly driven by the expansion of polymer resin production. Polymers are widely used in applications, such as injection molding, blow molding, and others, across various end-user industries, including electrical and electronics, automotive, construction, medical, and consumer. The market studied is significantly influenced by the increasing trends in the automotive industry, such as lower emissions, increasing demand for lighter vehicles, fuel efficiency, and other factors. In addition, the rising number of electrical vehicles around the world, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, has boosted the demand for polymer resins. The demand for packaged products has also increased over the recent years, which is further propelling the demand for polyolefins. The increased use of plastic as a substitute for glass and metal products, the development of new products, and an increased level of sophistication in plastic processing methods are some of the major factors that have led to the expansion of polymer and resin production in these industries. Many countries in the Asia-Pacific region, par ticularly China and India, are expanding their polymer resin production levels, in order to reduce their dependency on imports.

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is a high-performance, opaque, thermoplastic material. It is known for high resistance to heat, burning, and chemicals, and has good electrical proper ties. Most commercial grades are glass-fiber reinforced. Others contain mineral filler, carbon, or PTFE. The following values are based on 40% glassreinforced PPS, which is the most frequently used. Owing to its various properties (as mentioned in the next slide) it is used in many applications, such as electrical/electronic applications, automotive applications, industrial applications, appliances, general purpose, electronic displays, bearings, pump parts, appliance components, and electrical parts. Moreover, PPS is considered an alternative matrix amongst the cheapest commodities and high-performance polymers, e.g. polyarylether ketone, polyether ether ketone, and polyamide. Composites made up of PPS are used for many applications, like production of plug boards, coil formers, chip carriers, automotive main parts, connectors, switches, relays and medical applications, etc.

Connected car can be defined as a car that is equipped with a wireless local area network (Wireless LAN) and usually with internet. This connectivity allows the car to share data and internet access with any other device both outside and inside the vehicle. In addition, car is also installed with special added technology that connects to internet or wireless LAN and provides additional benefits such as navigation, vehicle diagnosis, and others to the driver. The connected cars market has witnessed significant growth over the years, owing to increase in trend of connectivity solution worldwide.

The report incorporates the study of the global electric vehicle market that focuses on the type of electric vehicles and alternative fuels used in different vehicles. An electric vehicle functions on electricity and does not use conventional fuels, such as gasoline or diesel, as its power source. The chemical energy of alternative fuel is converted into kinetic energy in the engine to propel the vehicle. Moreover, the usage of alternative fuel and electricity in these vehicles lead to zero emissions, making them ecofriendly. The advent of electric vehicles is a paradigm shift in the modern world. Automobile manufacturers are inclined toward electric and alternative fuel vehicles due to increase in vehicle emission regulations.

Electric vehicle charger is used to charge electric vehicles with a battery and the electrical source that helps to charge the battery. Currently, three different modes of charging are available in the market, level 1, level 2, and DC fast charging. Level 1 and level 2 charging are the types of AC mode of charging, which charge the vehicle at 120 volts and 240 volts, respectively. Such chargers can be installed at home or public places as per the individual’s requirements. The electric vehicle chargers market is analyzed in accordance with the impacts of the drivers, restraints, and opportunities. The period studied in this report is from 2019 to 2027.

A charging station is part of the grid infrastructure installed along a street, parking lot or in a home garage; its primary purpose is to supply the power to the different types of electric vehicles (PHEV, BEV and HEV’s) for charging the battery. The AC charging system is commonly an on-board charger mounted inside the vehicle, and it is connected to the grid when the vehicle is plugged in. An onboard charger is responsible for the final stage of charging the battery pack. It takes the AC power source from the EVSE and transforms the power into the required battery-charging profile. The on-board charger is designed with a lower kilowatts of power transfer (charging rate), and is dedicated to charge the battery for a long period (typically 5–8 h for full charge). Due to the limitation of allowable payload and space of the EV, the on-board charger needs to be lightweight (typically less than 5 kg) and compact.