Because the classic PID control doesn't satisfy the demand of automobile ABS in all conditions and it is short of an ability of identifying road surface,fuzzy control is short of an ability of remove systemic stable error and it doesn't make automobiles keep higher control precisions,a dynamic mode of the wheels is built when an automobile is braking at first,aiming at automobile ABS,a immune PID control algorithm based on classic PID is presented and used in automobile ABS system.Compared with the classic PID control algorithm and fuzzy control algorithm,the simulation result shows that the immune PID control algorithm has a shorter stabilization time,a smaller excess of system output,fewer response time and shorter braking distance,it is superior to the classic PID control algorithm and fuzzy control algorithm.The immune PID control algorithm has a higher application value.

关键词：汽车；免疫控制；PID控制；ABS系统；滑移率

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Recently the convergence of IT Services is using much information. Fusion of vehicle information technology and IT services are developing very fast. In this paper is about car insurance service used vehicle information and user information. In this paper, the car insurance service is convergence that vehicle information and user information. We propose accident service, eco-driving service, breakdown service based on the information collected from the vehicle.

关键词：汽车;汽车保险; OBD;车辆信息

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In response to the Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions standards, automobile manufacturers will need to adopt new technologies to improve the fuel economy of their vehicles and to reduce the overall GHG emissions of their fleets. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed the Optimization Model for reducing GHGs from Automobiles (OMEGA) to estimate the costs and benefits of meeting GHG emission standards through different technology packages. However, the model does not simulate the impact that increased technology costs will have on vehicle sales or on consumer surplus. As the model documentation states, While OMEGA incorporates functions which generally minimize the cost of meeting a specified carbon dioxide (CO2) target, it is not an economic simulation model which adjusts vehicle sales in response to the cost of the technology added to each vehicle. Changes in the mix of vehicles sold, caused by the costs and benefits of added fuel economy technologies, could make it easier or more difficult for manufacturers to meet fuel economy and emissions standards, and impacts on consumer surplus could raise the costs or augment the benefits of the standards. Because the OMEGA model does not presently estimate such impacts, the EPA is investigating the feasibility of developing an adjunct to the OMEGA model to make such estimates. This project is an effort to develop and test a candidate model. The project statement of work spells out the key functional requirements for the new model.

关键词：汽车；消费性事务；减排；燃油经济性

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Urban traffic control is not only a real-time control system but also random,non-line ar,uncertainty complex system; the article discusses the use of PLC (programmable logic controlle r) control technology and fuzzy control method for traffic signal control system and how to complete the complex traffic control by using communications link technology between comp uters and application of fuzzy control theory,make vehicle and road navigation to realize intelligent.

关键词：汽车；城市交通；自动控制；模糊控制；信号控制

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Traditionally there has been a distinction between Combinatorial Solid Geometry (CSG) modeling systems and Sculptured Surface Design modeling systems. CSG modeling systems largely model parts which are unsculptured and consist of combinations of common shapes like spheres, prisms, ellipsoids, and the like. These shapes are represented as planar half spaces, and algebraic quadratic surfaces. The boolean combination of these surfaces is usually performed by ray-tracing. Sculptured Surface Design concerns itself with modeling the surface of an object, i.e., the boundaries of an object like an aircraft, a ship, or an automobile. The boundaries are represented by using parametric tensor-product surfaces consisting of Bezier curves and Nonuniform Rational B-spline Surfaces (NURBS). There are many times however, when both modeling approaches are needed. In particular it is often desirable to introduce free-form surfaces into the CSG system. Recent advances in ray- tracing free-form surfaces have allowed the integration of free-form objects in CSG systems. This presentation will discuss the development and integration of NURBS into the Ballistics Research Laboratory CSG modeling system.

关键词：汽车；计算机图形几何；模型；光线跟踪

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The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the usage and effectiveness of innovative traffic control devices that can be used in short-term work zones. Any device to be used in short-term work zones should command the respect of drivers, be durable, have an easily understood meaning, be low cost, be quick and easy to install and remove, and be reusable. This study was conducted in three sections: a literature review of previously published research, a nationwide usage survey, and a field test for a selected device, portable plastic rumble strip (PPRS). PPRSs, which have been tested on a closed course, were found to be a device potentially suitable for use at shortterm work zones. This field study was to investigate the effects of the PPRSs and drivers response to them at three short-term maintenance work zones in Kansas. The results showed that the effect of PPRSs in speed reductions was more significant on cars than on trucks. The PPRSs reduced car speeds by 4.6 to 11.4 miles per hour. They also created 5.0 to 11.7 miles per hour mean speed reduction for trucks, but the reductions were only at two test sites. It was observed that 30 to 80 percent of truck drivers activated their brakes (indicated by brake light illumination) when they approached the PPRSs. In addition, about five percent of car and truck drivers swerved around the PPRSs. This indicates that additional signage or other supplemental traffic devices would be needed when the PPRSs are implemented.

关键词：汽车；交通控制设备；行车安全；工作区；衰减器

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Alternative fuels have the potential to provide significant economic and environmental benefits to airports and their communities. These fuels can lead to improvements in local air quality emissions and reductions in life-cycle greenhouse gases. In addition, alternative fuels offer the possibility to diversify away from imported conventional petroleum-derived fuels and enhance energy security. Furthermore, alternative fuel distribution programs offer airports additional business opportunities to generate revenue through the operation of such facilities or leasing of land to third-party operators. Airports are natural nodes for multi-modal demand and are ideally situated to become distribution centers for a variety of alternative fuels for aircraft and surface transportation. Producers and marketers of alternative fuels can take advantage of this concentrated demand to strengthen their business case as they can cater to a wide spectrum of potential clients, including airlines, airports, and third-party operators such as rental car facilities, courtesy shuttles, taxis, buses, freight trucks, and other fleets that may operate nearby. This is especially the case for facilities that produce alternative jet fuel because, in addition to jet fuel, they also produce co-products such as green diesel, which can be used by some passenger and most cargo vehicles.

关键词：汽车；燃料；替代品；空气质量；航空器

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Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique is one of the best method of PWM variable frequency drive and make the AC motor achieving the performance as good as DC motor.Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) has many advantages of small volume,steady operation,high energy efficiency,large output torque,etc.To solve the problems of auto environment and energy sources,study on Pure Electric Vehicles (PEV) driven by PMSM based on SVPWM is an important research direction and has the practical value.On the basis of analyzing the basic models of SVPWM,PMSM and PEV,simulation model of PMSM Control System for PEV can be constructed.The results of the simulation show that the control system has super performance and meet the request of system.

关键词：空间矢量脉宽调制（SVPWM）；永磁同步电机（PMSM）；纯电动汽车（PEV）；模拟

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The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) has developed a high-pressure hydrogen production system that reforms a liquid organic feedstock and water at operating pressures up to 800 bar (approx. 12,000 psig). The advantages of this system include the elimination of energy-intensive hydrogen compression, a smaller process footprint, and the elimination of gaseous or liquid hydrogen transport. This system could also potentially enable distributed hydrogen production from centralized coal. Processes have been investigated to gasify coal and then convert the syngas into alcohol or alkanes. These alcohols and alkanes could then be easily transported in bulk to distributed high-pressure water-reforming (HPWR)-based systems to deliver hydrogen economically. The intent of this activity was to utilize the EERC's existing HPWR hydrogen production process, previously designed and constructed in a prior project phase, as a basis to improve operational and production performance of an existing demonstration unit. Parameters to be pursued included higher hydrogen delivery pressure, higher hydrogen production rates, and the ability to refill within a 5-minute time frame.

关键词：制氢；燃料电池；汽车；醇类；烷烃

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The current scarcity of public charging infrastructure is one of the major barriers to mass household adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Although most PEV drivers can recharge their vehicles at home, the limited driving range of the vehicles restricts their usefulness for long-distance travel. In this paper, an agent-based information system is presented for identifying patterns in residential PEV ownership and driving activities to enable strategic deployment of new charging infrastructure. Driver agents consider their own driving activities within the simulated environment, in addition to the presence of charging stations and the vehicle ownership of others in their social network, when purchasing a new vehicle. Aside from conventional vehicles, drivers may select among multiple electric alternatives, including two PEV options. The Chicagoland area is used as a case study to demonstrate the different deployment scenarios are analyzed.

关键词：电动车;电动收费;信息系统;机动车驾驶

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