Several types of elastomeric energy absorbers were evaluated for use in a Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) Test Level 4 (TL-4) energy-absorbing, urban roadside/median barrier. Twelve dynamic bogie tests were conducted on 60- and 80-durometer EPDM rubber cylinders. Five dynamic bogie tests were conducted on marine shear fenders. One dynamic test was conducted on a 27-ft (8.2-m) long installation of 2-in. (51-mm) thick EPDM rubber cylinders spaced at 8 ft (2.4 m) on center and attached to the front face of a 32-in. (813-mm) tall, concrete New Jersey-shaped barrier with a continuous 6-in. x 12-in. (152-mm x 305-mm) steel tubular front rail. One dynamic test was conducted on a 28-ft (8.5-m) long installation of 11.-in. (295-mm) tall marine shear fender posts spaced at 8 ft (2.4 m) on center with a 6.-in. (171-mm) tall, upper timber rail. Both barrier concepts showed promising results. Several static tests were conducted on the marine shear fenders at hot, cold, and room temperatures to evaluate its effect on energy-absorber behavior.

关键词：汽车；冲撞测试；高速公路

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On March 5, 2013, a 39-year old male volunteer fire fighter was struck and killed by an enclosed car hauler with trailer (used to haul luxury vehicles) on an interstate highway. The fire department was operating at the scene of a multiple vehicle crash when a fire department pumper, a fire department utility vehicle, and an Illinois State Police vehicle were struck by a car hauler. The fire department was preparing to clear the original incident when this incident occurred. Utility 105 (fire department utility vehicle) was initially positioned approximately 1/2 - 3/4 mile from the incident blocking the left lane of the interstate. The Incident Commander radioed Utility 105 to move behind the state police vehicle. The car hauler was approaching the scene in the left lane and failed to stop for the initial incident. The victim was leaning against the rear passenger seat on the driver's side of Utility 105 with the door open. Members of the fire department were in the median of the interstate and witnessed the car hauler approaching the crash scene at a rate of speed that was excessive for road conditions. Realizing the car hauler was not going to be able to stop, members yelled for everyone to get out of the way of the car hauler. The victim moved away from the utility vehicle. He was struck by the car hauler and pushed onto the shoulder of the interstate. After striking the victim and the utility vehicle, the car hauler struck the state police vehicle and then struck Engine 102. After the crash scene was secured, the Incident Commander initiated a personnel accountability report. Utility 105 was located in the median between a trailer from the initial crash and the car hauler. The victim was located by a state trooper and was unresponsive. Despite receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and basic life support (BLS) at the scene, and advanced life support (ALS) in the ambulance and in the local hospital's emergency department, the victim died.

关键词：汽车；志愿消防员；连环碰撞

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Automotive applications can be described as distributed embedded software which perform real-time computation on top of a heterogeneous hardware platform. One key phase in designing distributed software systems is software deployment. Therein it is decided how software components are deployed over the hardware platform, and how the communication between software components is performed. These decisions significantly determine the system performance. This chapter tackles the software deployment problem, tailored to the needs of the automotive domain. Thereby, the focus is on two issues: the configuration of the communication infrastructure and how to handle design constraints. It is shown, how state-of-the-art approaches have to be extended in order to tackle these issues, and how the overall process can be performed efficiently, by utilizing search methodologies.

关键词：汽车应用；传感器；软件部署；实时系统

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Firstly,the process of establishing automotive ecology related systems and the necessity of automotive eco-design assessment to carry out were introduced.The overall objective of automotive eco-design assessment about China was described.And then,automotive eco-design assessment system of China was established by screening the most vulnerable index of energy-saving,environmental protection and health impact in all automotive life cycle stages by the approaches of desk information research,business investigation visit and industry expert consultation.Finally,a wide range of automotive eco-design assessment strategy model was proposed.

关键词：节能；汽车；生态设计；评价指标体系

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In this work, I present a method to design a predictive controller for handling Plug-and-Play (P&P) requests of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in a power distribution system. The proposed method uses a two-stage hierarchical control scheme based on the ideas of Model Predictive Control (MPC) tracking for periodic references to ensure that bus voltages track the closest possible (reachable) periodic reference to the nominal voltage while minimizing the required generation control and guaranteeing satisfaction of system constraints at all times.

关键词：电动汽车；智能充电；模型预测

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We explored opportunities for new transportation solutions in these large communities by evaluating existing solutions, interviewing potential users, and analyzing interview and survey data from residents in a specific community. We found that there is an unmet need for a shared transportation solution in a large MPC and designed and implemented a mobile application to demonstrate such a solution.

关键词：移动解决方案；运输网络；MPC

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In this paper, on-board Measurements of particle emissions were carried out on a VW diesel car in Shanghai real roads.The test fuels included pure petroleum diesel (D100) and three different alternative fuel blends, 10％ biodiesel blend (BD10), 10％ coal-to-liquid fuel blend (C10) and 10％ gas-to-liquid fuel blend (G10) in volumetric mixture ratio.Results showed that particle emissions in freeways were terrible, and particle number emission ratios from urban roads were high.The test alternative blend fuels of BD10, Bul0, G10 and C10 all have positive effects on the particle emissions of test diesel car.

关键词：柴油汽车；替代燃料；车载测量；道路类型；粒子排放

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The final report, Evaluation of a Prototype Safer Teen Car, describes the methods, findings, and recommendations by the University of Minnesota on the practicality and benefits of a system that can provide real-time driver feedback to teen drivers. A prototype Safer Teen Car (STC) system was developed and served as the basis for a field evaluation and as a demonstration unit for stakeholder groups. The STC designed for this project was comprised of a number of interrelated subsystems, including: Teen driver identification subsystem; Seat belt detection & enhanced reminder subsystem; Passenger presence subsystem; Speed monitoring & feedback subsystem; Excessive maneuver & feedback subsystem; Cell phone use detection & mitigation subsystem; and Driving context subsystem. The findings generally showed improved safety behavior during when the STC system provided feedback. For example, the reduction in the per-mile rate of excessive maneuvers was statistically significant at night, but not during the day. In general, the results indicated reductions in the rates of speeding, excessive maneuvers, and seat belt nonuse. Overall, the STC was viewed as useful and safety-enhancing, by both teens and parents. Both teens and parents agreed that the STC changed the teens driving behavior. Parents would generally recommend the STC to other parents.

关键词：青少年司机;安全带,乘客;速度监控;手机;分心

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Our initial hypothesis was that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)- based immunotherapy of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) could be potentiated by depletion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). To test this, we engineered T-cells to express CARs with specificity for MUC1 (expressed by tumor cells) and CSF-1R (expressed both by tumor cells and TAM). In-vitro experiments demonstrated some efficacy of this approach but significant anti-tumor activity could not be confirmed in-vivo. Consequently, a revised statement of work was agreed in which CAR-mediated targeting of ErbB receptors by EOC tumor cells was pursued instead. A CAR termed T1E28z was engineered which engages several ErbB receptor dimers that are upregulated in EOC. Liposomal clodronate was used to achieve depletion of TAM. T1E28z-transduced T-cells proved effective in killing both autologus patient-derived tumor cell cultures and EOC cell lines (IGROV-1 and SKOV-3) in-vitro. Using bioluminescence imaging (BLI), we then demonstrated that T1E28z+ T-cells mediated the regression of established intraperitoneal SKOV-luc tumors in SCID Beige mice. Highly efficient depletion of TAM was achieved using liposomal clodronate. However, this did not influence anti-tumor activity and appeared to reduced efficacy somewhat. To monitor Tcell persistence in this model, renilla luciferase was co-expressed in T1E28z+ T- cells. This analysis revealed that T-cells undergo progressive decline in tumor- bearing mice, providing a rationale for repeated T-cell administration. In support of this, we found that dual dosing with T1E28z+ T-cells enhanced therapeutic efficacy in this model. Bridging the gap to clinical implementation, proof of concept was also demonstrated for the use of the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) as a clinically applicable imaging reporter of T-cell location. We provide evidence that administration of 99mTc-pertechnetate enables the serial real-time tracking of T1E28z/hNIS+ T-cells in-vivo, using SPECT-CT.

关键词：巨噬细胞;肿瘤;卵巢癌;T淋巴细胞;汽车车辆;细胞(生物学)

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Intrahousehold interactions in travel are fundamental to an understanding of activity travel behavior, as reflected by the substantial percentage of regional travel that is made jointly. The development of travel demand models that incorporate intrahousehold interactions is crucial to a credible analysis of traveler response to policies. A tour-based modeling framework is used to examine intrahousehold interactions in travel mode choice with a focus on public transport use in households having differences in car availability. An important distinction is made between car-sufficient households (in which there are at least as many cars in the household as license holders) and car-negotiating households (households that have fewer cars than license holders). Intrahousehold interactions and temporal-spatial constraints are explicitly represented by different patterns of joint household tours, with home-based tours as the unit of analysis. The empirical analysis is based on a nested logit model that was developed to integrate intrahousehold interactions with tour-based mode choices; Sydney Household Travel Survey data are used. The results show that joint household travel accounts for more than half of weekday home-based tours in Sydney, Australia. The arrangement of joint household tours is shown to depend on household context, situational factors, and social constraints. Mode choice associated with different joint tour patterns is influenced by household and individual characteristics, tour attributes, and transport-related fringe benefits.

关键词：汽车；旅游；交通；模型

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