关键词：文档数据库管理；文件视觉相似性；相似性的金字塔；Isomap

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Collective data transfers among sets of processes over high-bandwidth, low-latency data center networks are an integral part of Big Data computations (e.g., the data shuffle in MapReduce). In this paper, we use a carefully architected microbenchmark that emulates a data shuffle, to gather network traces and perform detailed analysis. The key result of our analysis is that having more than two competing bi-directional flows per node in the transfer reduces throughput by 10%. What this means is that, even at very low cardinality (3- or 4-node shuffle), only 90%of the possible throughput can be achieved when commodity Ethernet-based switches are employed. TCP contention among multiple flows is the reason for the throughput loss experienced by collective data transfers. Though we identify system parameter configurations that minimize such packet losses, we believe application- layer flow management is necessary to circumvent this network-level problem. Towards this end, we designed and implemented a technique, Max2Flows, that generates and orchestrates a schedule of coordinated data exchange stages. Each stage limits the number of competing flows per node to two or fewer, thus avoiding negative network-level effects. Experimental results show that, when incorporated into our microbenchmark, Max2Flows can operate at ~99% of the peak throughput on a 1 Gigabit Ethernet network for small shuffles.

关键词：集体数据传输；数据流；数据洗牌

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Web interactions usually require the exchange of personal and confidential information for a variety of purposes, including enabling business transactions and the provisioning of services. A key issue affecting these interactions is the lack of trust and control on how data is going to be used and processed by the entities that receive this data. In the traditional world, this issue is addressed by using contractual agreements that are signed by the involved parties. This could be done electronically as well but there is currently a major gap between the definition of legal contracts, regulating the sharing of data and the software infrastructure required to support and enforce them. How to ensure that legal contracts can be actually enforced by the underlying IT infrastructure? How to ensure that a potentially enforceable version of the contract corresponds to the legal version of the contract? This article describes our work to address this gap through the usage of electronic Data Sharing Agreements (e-DSA). e-DSAs can be formally defined and analysed to identify inconsistencies and contradictory policies/constraints; they can then be deployed within the IT infrastructure and enforced. We specifically show how this can be achieved in a cloud scenario, where e-DSAs are enforced via policy enforcement capabilities developed in the UK EnCoRe [6] collaborative project.

关键词：数据共享；数据共享协议；云；动态同意；喝采；隐私；安全

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Aesthetics evaluation of a document layout is typically performed by a designer. Recently there has been proposed a number of automated systems for document creation. We present a new paradigm to automatically quantify document aesthetics, that can be used in the automated document composition techniques. Given a document template, we specify a few aesthetics parameters that can be adjusted to obtain the most aesthetically pleasing layout of a document page. We use graphical interface, where for a given amount of content designers can adjust the parameters to obtain a layout of the highest aesthetic value. The parameters are stored as a feature vector. After obtaining sufficiently large amount of feature vectors, the feature set is modelled by a Gaussian probability distribution. The resulting model can be used in predicting aesthetic value of a new document, or to compose a document of the highest aesthetic value for a given content.

关键词：自动发布；量化美学；设计师互动；概率模型

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With more and more vehicles equipped with GPS tracking devices, there is increasing interest in building and updating maps using vehicular GPS traces. Most existing approaches for building maps rely on position traces from highly accurate positioning devices, which are sampled at a high frequency, e.g., every second. Typically these traces are recorded by survey vehicles. Commodity GPS devices are much more widespread, but have lower accuracy. In addition, the sampling frequency is low (at around once per minute) in order to reduce communication cost. Building maps from coarse-grained vehicular GPS traces is challenging due to the inherent noise in commodity GPS devices and the shape complexity of urban roads. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for recognizing urban roads with coarse-grained GPS traces from probe vehicles moving in urban areas. The algorithm overcomes the challenges by pruning low quality GPS traces, clustering GPS traces by road segments, and applying shape-aware B-spline fitting. We have conducted empirical study with a real data set of GPS traces from 2,300 taxis in Shanghai, China. Evaluation results demonstrate that our algorithm provides wide coverage, a low rate of false positives, and high accuracy. When there are 2,000 taxis and the time window for trace collection is 1.5 hours, the coverage of arterial roads is 93% and the rate of false positives is 5%. The roads recognized by our algorithm are more accurate than the roads on OpenStreetMap, a popular map editing website using GPS traces and satellite imagery.

关键词：地图建设；全球定位系统；道路识别

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本刊以七大战略性新兴产业——节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物、高端装备制造、新能源、新材料、新能源汽车为研究重点，关注国家高层和各部委的动态，剖析国家和地方的新兴产业政策。本刊设有政策导读、领导讲话、七大战略性新兴产业本周国内外行业动态和重点企业新闻、投资专题四大板块，能够实时监测新兴产业和重点企业动态，把握新兴产业发展方向，研究发展重点，寻求发展机遇。

关键词：节能环保；新一代信息技术；生物；高端装备制造；新能源；新材料；新能源汽车

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本报告关注点：回顾2013年，通过对传媒行业基本形势的判断，确定2014年行业发展脉络。 结合政策关注重点确定2014年行业投资策略。

关键词：传媒；互联网；移动游戏；电视；广告；彩票；影视动漫

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2013年12月份，电信业务总量保持稳步增长，全国电信业务总量完成1192亿元[按照2010年不变单价计算]，同比增长6.0%；电信主营业务收入1014.8亿元，同比增长9.2%。1-12月，全国电信业务总量累计完成13954亿元，同比增长7.5%；电信主营业务收入累计完成11689.1亿元，同比增长8.7%，较上月增速略有提升。

关键词：中国；通信行业；运行分析

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工信部网站1月14日发布公示，为促进信息消费，激发市场竞争活力，推动电信发展成果更多惠及广大用户，工信部决定进一步优化调整公用电信网网间结算标准。工信部网站1月11日发布公示，为落实《国务院关于印发“宽带中国”战略及实施方案的通知》（国发[2013]31号），加快提升城市宽带发展水平，推动我国城镇化和信息化同步发展，促进经济转型和信息消费，工业和信息化部、发展改革委决定联合开展创建“宽带中国”示范城市（城市群）工作。

关键词：通信行业；要闻综述

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本刊以七大战略性新兴产业——节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物、高端装备制造、新能源、新材料、新能源汽车为研究重点，关注国家高层和各部委的动态，剖析国家和地方的新兴产业政策。本刊设有政策导读、领导讲话、七大战略性新兴产业本周国内外行业动态和重点企业新闻、投资专题四大板块，能够实时监测新兴产业和重点企业动态，把握新兴产业发展方向，研究发展重点，寻求发展机遇。

关键词：节能环保；新一代信息技术；生物；高端装备制造；新能源；新材料；新能源汽车

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