This chapter introduces the Internet of Intelligent Things (IoIT), the future Internet of Things (IoT) with significant intelligence added to "things". We discuss the importance of Artificial Intelligence approaches to enable such Intelligent Communication Networks. Nowadays, sensor networks are becoming a reality, especially for remote monitoring of events in fields such as healthcare, military, forest integrity or prediction of seismic activity in volcanoes. Intelligent devices and sensors are also appearing, besides electronic home appliances and utilities, as gadgets to mobile phones or tablets. And some of these devices have capability to actuate on the world. This chapter is focused on surveying current approaches for the Internet of all these intelligent things connected and communicating. It addresses artificial intelligence techniques employed to create such intelligence, and network solutions to exploit the benefits brought by this capability.

关键词：智能物联网；互联网；通信；人工智能

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Information and communication technologies (ICT), like all technologies, are catalysts for political change and potential conflict. The Internet effect continues to fuel the explosive growth of ICT, and has enduring implications. It has sparked the long fuse of an Information Revolution and a Social Network Revolution. This revolutionary wave is fundamentally altering both the structure of institutional arrangements and the behavior of bureaucratic organizations by transforming traditional tactics for organizing, communicating, collaborating, and participating in the political system. Does the accelerated rate of systemic change caused by the Internet effect create social cohesion, or cleavages that may lead to increased conflict. The purpose of this study is to determine, by qualitative as well as quantitative means, whether a causal relationship exists between the degree a society is connected via social media networks (Internet and the World Wide Web WWW) and the institutional capacities of central governance. Blending theory with data, a statistical regression model is developed to evaluate the degree and measure the magnitude of this relationship. The findings gleaned from this analysis suggest that a conditional causal relationship does exist between social connectivity and state capacity.

关键词：互联网;社交沟通;通信和广播系统;测量

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The AeroMACS (Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System), which is based on the IEEE 802.16-2009 mobile wireless standard, is envisioned as the wireless network which will cover all areas of airport surfaces for next generation air transportation. It is expected to be implemented in the 5091-5150 MHz frequency band which is also occupied by mobile satellite service uplinks. Thus the AeroMACS must be designed to avoid interference with this incumbent service. Simulations using Visualyse software were performed utilizing a global database of 6207 airports. Variations in base station and subscriber antenna distribution and gain pattern were examined. Based on these simulations, recommendations for global airport base station and subscriber antenna power transmission limitations are provided.

关键词：移动通信系统;天线增益;航空运输;无线通信;仿真;

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The use of individual Global Navigation Satellite Services (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and Beidou/COMPASS) for the position, navigation, and timing in the Space Service Volume at altitudes of 300 km, 3000 km, 8000 km, 15000 km, 25000 km, 36500km and 70000 km.

关键词：导航卫星；航天通信；全球定位系统；Glonass系统；卫星跟踪

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E-waste is improperly abandoned or condemned surplus, obsolete, or broken electrical or electronic devices. When abandoned, electronic devices and equipment that contain lead and mercury pollute the environment and make it unsuitable for human habitation.

关键词：中国；电子垃圾管理；电子信息；市场前景

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Communication is the action of transmitting and eventually receiving another message in response, as in an exchange of e-mails, for example. In a technical approach, one may say that communication is the process that involves the transmission and reception of messages between a source and an addressee receiver, in which information transmitted through physical resources or equipment, and technological devices are coded at source and decrypted at the destination using agreed systems of signs or sound symbols, written or iconographic. Schematically (Figure 15.1), there are five elements in any communication system, namely, an emitter, an encoder, a transmission channel, a decoder, and a receiver. The encoder handles the message, so it passes through the channel, and the decoder carries out the reverse process. In order to be practical and safe, the construction of a communication system may rennire other comnonents.

关键词：通信系统;发射器;编码器

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This chapter presents selective gossip which is an algorithm that applies the idea of iterative information exchange to vectors of data. Instead of communicating the entire vector and wasting network resources, our method adaptively focuses communication on the most significant entries of the vector. We prove that nodes running selective gossip asymptotically reach consensus on these significant entries, and they simultaneously reach an agreement on the indices of entries which are insignificant. The results demonstrate that selective gossip provides significant communication savings in terms of the number of scalars transmitted. In the second part of the chapter we propose a distributed particle filter employing selective gossip. We show that distributed particle filters employing selective gossip provide comparable results to the centralized bootstrap particle filter while decreasing the communication overhead compared to using randomized gossip to distribute the filter computations.

关键词：迭代信息交换；通信；滤波器

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As discussed in the previous chapter, Low Power Communication is the key to realization of a low power sensor node. Since sensor nodes require only low data rate communication, it might sound intuitively clear that they should also naturally be low power. After all, if a node does less work, it should also consume lesser power. But somehow this doesn't seem to fit the behavior for low data rate communication, short range radios. If we look at existing radio designs at various data rates and ranges, we see that the design space occupied is very wide. There are designs that operate at very high (～100 Mbps) data rates and designs that operate at low data rates (～100 Kbps). There are designs that take wall supply, consuming a few watts of power, while some work on batteries. If one looks at energy per bit requirements of these designs, while some designs operate at hundreds of nJ/bit, some other designs exist consuming only 0.1 nJ/bit (Fig. 2.1). Now if we plot the range over these designs and examine how they should scale according to the energy/ bit requirements we should see radios working at low data rates while consuming few microwatts of power, as required by sensor networks. These designs do not exist. The reasons there aren't any designs in this space requires us to consider the consequences of scaling traditional design as we go for lower and lower data rate. Since Shannon's law governs the limit on the energy efficiency of radio communication and link margin vis-a-vis the channel capacity, it makes sense to have a closer look at it and then see what constraints typical radio architectures have that prevent power from scaling in low data rate applications.

关键词：低功耗通信；传感器；无线电；信道

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关键词：混沌信号；数字通信；信号处理

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The next frontier in sensor networks is sensing the human society. Human interaction, with technology and within mobile communities provides enormous opportunities to provide new paradigms of user communication. Traditionally, communication in computer networks has focused on delivering messages to machine identities. Each host is uniquely addressed, and network protocols aim to find routes to a given machine identity efficiently. While this framework has been proven successful in the past, it is questionable whether it will be sufficient in the era of social networking and mobility. As we envision the emergence of mobile terminals tightly coupled with their users and thus reflect the behavior and preferences of the users, it is beneficial to consider an alternative (and complementary) framework: Could user behavior be collected and summarized as a representation of the user's interest, and be leveraged as a way to guide message delivery? In this chapter, we elaborate on this possibility, discussing user behavior trace collection, representation, and pioneering works on behavior-aware mobile network protocols. This proposed new framework is to be used mainly as an alternative of the IP (routing) layer in the Internet today and provides a new mechanism for network message routing. However, as opposed to the current routing schemes (e.g., IP) which address each host with a unique ID, in this new framework it is the behavior descriptors of the hosts, not its identities, to be used as the target for a message. Therefore, in behavior-aware routing protocols, messages are destined to a behavior descriptor and it is moved across the network based on comparisons of behavior descriptor of intermediate nodes to the target behavior. Note that a behavior descriptor can map to many potential recipients, or none. This chapter provides a survey of important research work on behavior-aware routing. In this chapter, we motivate and introduce the new paradigm in Sect. 1. In Sect. 2, we introduce the goal of behavior-aware routing and its challenges. We then introduce a framework, namely TRACE, to discuss the steps involved in the design of social behavior-aware routing. We also give examples from the literature to explain what each step involves. The most important task in this paradigm is to summarize and represent node behavior in a succinct form, in such a way that the new representation can be used in place of node identities (e.g., addresses) for routing. We then provide examples for various behavior-aware routing protocols from the literature in Sect. 3. Important research topics in this area for further study are discussed in Sect. 4. Section 5 concludes the chapter.

关键词：传感器网络；移动终端；通信

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