The petrochemicals sector is dominated by state-owned Pemex's petrochemical subsidiary, Pemex Petroquimica (PPQ). Indelpro, a joint venture (JV) between Mexico-based Alfa Group and Basell Lyondell, has a petrochemical complex at Altamira with 260,000 tonnes per annum (tpa) of propylene capacity feeding 590,000tpa of polypropylene (PP), representing the country's entire PP production capacity. In 2016, Braskem Idesa's Ethylene XXI added 1.05mn tpa ethylene capacity, 750,000tpa highdensity polyethylene (HDPE) capacity and 300,000tpa low-density polyethylene (LDPE) capacity. No further expansions are expected in Latin America in the next five years, as proposals for new facilities in Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia have fallen through. Three Mexican private firms produce polyvinyl chloride (PVC): Primex, which operates a 350,000tpa plant at Altamira and 45,000tpa facility at Tlalnepantla; Mexichem, with a 42,000tpa plant at Tlaxcala and a 30,000tpa plant at Texmelucan; and Policyd, which operates a 200,000tpa plant at Altamira and a 45,000tpa plant at Tlalnepantla. Polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) capacities are owned by private companies, while Pemex subsidiaries control all of Mexico's polyethylene (PE) and aromatics capacities.

The Peruvian petrochemical industry is characterised by small companies with narrow portfolios and foreign investors with niche positions. There have been several newer projects proposed, some of which would turn Peru into a petrochemicals exporter by utilising the country's significant ethane reserves to produce olefins and polymer resins as well as fertilisers. However, proposed projects have failed to advance due to a lack of progress on securing gas feedstock and the pipelines needed to deliver it. Yet, the country could easily host a world-scale cracker due to its strong advantage in low-cost feedstock. Peru has comparatively limited refining capacity; the country has six refineries with total capacity of 198,950 barrels per day (b/d). Repsol-operated La Pampilla is the country's largest refinery, with nameplate capacity of 102,000b/d; the other five facilities - Talara, Couchan, Iquitos, El Milagro and Pucallpa - are run by state-owned Petroperú.

12 月，生产方面，石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业规模以上工业增加值同比增长5.7%，增速和上年同期相比下降0.3个百分点；原油加工量5116.9 万吨，同比增长4.4%，增速比上月提高1.5 个百分点；原油生产1633.3 万吨，同比增长2.0%。进出口方面，成品油出口量586 万吨，同比下降5.0%；进口原油4378 万吨，同比增长29.9%。价格方面，国际油价不断下跌，国内成品油价格两次下调。效益方面，1～12 月规模以上工业企业利润总额累计同比增长10.7%。投资方面，投资增速明显回升，1～12 月固定资产投资额累计同比增长10.1%，增速较1～11 月提高4.2 个百分点。

2018年4季度，相关部门继续从安全环保、行业发展、价格管理等方面保障石化行业健康运行。安全环保方面，“11·28”事件再次敲响行业警钟，提升行业安全环保工作的专项行动正式启动。中国石油和化学工业联合会认定44家石化行业绿色工厂、133种绿色产品以及3家绿色园区，逐步建立健全行业绿色标准体系，破解绿色发展难题和瓶颈，提升行业可持续发展能力。产业发展反面，发改委等七部门联合发文推动成品油质量升级，但受制于国六严格的标准规定，成品油质量升级的实施时间被不断推迟。工信部等四部门联合印发了《原材料工业质量提升三年行动方案(2018-2020年）》，对石化化工原材料质量提升提出要求。应急管理部正式下发“建立危险化学品重大危险源源长责任制”的通知，在涉及重大危险源的化工和危险化学品生产、经营企业全面实施“源长制”。成品油价格机制亟需进一步改进，2019年成品油定价机制有望受到密切关注。

2018年1-11月，我国石油和化工行业运行呈以下特征。一是石化行业投资动力均有所好转，油气开采业和化工行业固定资产投资均高于上年同期水平。二是生产保持平稳。油气开采业生产情况有所好转，石油加工业和化学工业维持平稳增长。原油产量依然为负增长，但降幅放缓；原油加工量保持中速增长，年内增速放缓；化工产品大部分实现稳定增长，农药产量开始增长。三是11月国际油价持续下跌，国内成品油经历了三轮下调周期。在国际油价影响下，石油化工行业主营业务收入增速放缓。四是受阶段性供应紧缺及企业补货心理预期，成品油进口量攀升，累计进口增速高于上年同期，累计出口量维持稳定增长。短期内，化工行业出口贸易受中美贸易摩擦影响，出现报复性出口现象，出口交货值增速有所提高。

互联互通和LNG扩容使得北方地区LNG季节性波动减弱，保供压力降低；燃气板块整体观点偏谨慎。煤气比价过高是燃气板块的投资切入点，重点推荐煤气、煤油套利标的新奥股份和广汇能源。

Singapore has distinguished itself as one of the leading oil refining and petrochemicals players in Asia. Despite lacking indigenous hydrocarbons resources, it boasts thriving upstream as well as downstream sectors. Petrochemicals and refining remain the lifeblood of Singapore, with strong regional demand growth meaning there is potential for capacity expansion - although investment in countries such as China and Vietnam has led to increasingly fierce competition. With dedicated government backing, the chemicals industry as a whole has proved to be one of the largest contributors to the country's manufacturing output. A strong base in refining, availability of world-class infrastructure, cost-effective logistics and a location at the crossroads of Asia, with ready market access to the Asia-Pacific region, the US, the Middle East and Africa, set the pace for the development of a world-class petrochemicals industry. Major players include US-based ExxonMobil, Netherlandsheadquartered Royal Dutch Shell, Japanese Mitsui, Sumitomo Chemical Singapore (a wholly owned subsidiary of Japan's Sumitomo Chemical Company) and Eastman Chemical Singapore.