In 1999 and 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program conducted a national pilot study of pesticides and degradates in drinking-water supplies, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). William H. Harsha Lake, which provides drinking water for several thousand people in southwestern Ohio, was selected as one of the drinking-water supplies for this study. East Fork Little Miami River is the main source of water to Harsha Lake and drains a predominantly agricultural basin. Samples were collected from the East Fork Little Miami River upstream from Harsha Lake, at the drinking-water intake at Harsha Lake, at the outfall just below Harsha Lake, and from treated water at the Bob McEwen Treatment Plant. These samples were analyzed using standardized methods developed for the NAWQA Program. The purpose of this report is to provide information about pesticides and pesticide degradates in East Fork, Harsha Lake, and treated drinking water supplied by Harsha Lake. Water samples were collected from March 1999 to September 2000. The report presents a comparison of pesticide concentrations in untreated lake water and treated drinking water and a qualitative assessment of the effect of the November 1999 switchover from powdered activated carbon (PAC) to granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment on the concentration of pesticide compounds in treated lake water.

关键词：农药；水污染监测；饮用水；水治疗；供水水库；水文条件；气候模式；季节性模式

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The primary habitat management objective for the three refuges of the Willamette Valley NWR Complex is to provide high quality forage for wintering Canada geese. To accomplish this, much of the land within the refuge is managed for grass production involving applications of herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers. Other agrochemicals such as insecticides are applied to agricultural land outside the refuge. Some agrochemicals used in the area have the potential to enter aquatic habitats of the refuge and could impact species such as amphibians, turtles, or the federally-listed Oregon chub. The objective of this investigation was to sample both biotic and abiotic matrices and use a weight-of-evidence approach to determine if agrochemicals used on or around the refuge pose a risk to aquatic species. This investigation included seven components: 1) evaluation of pesticide use practices; 2) collection of continual water quality measurements; 3) water sampling; 4) in-situ bioassay; 5) analysis of blood plasma from carp and turtles for endocrine-disrupting compound exposure; 6) fish health assessment; and 7) fish tissue analysis for organochlorine pesticides. The components of the study were used as individual lines of evidence to evaluate risk of agrochemicals to aquatic organisms on the refuge. Multiple lines of evidence create more confidence in making decisions suitable for refuge management because the approach considers all the information gathered from the investigation. By framing the assessment with this weight-of-evidence approach, risk to the receptors of concern and organizational levels is more clearly evident and the information can be used in carrying out the Fish and Wildlife Service mission to protect and conserve natural resources.

关键词：农药；农用化学品；杀虫剂

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The mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) is to protect human health and the environment from potential risks associated with pesticide use. When used properly, pesticides can help control disease-causing organisms and foster a safe and abundant food supply. It is OPP's goal to ensure that pesticides marketed in the United States are sold, distributed, and used in a way that is protective of people's health, particularly that of vulnerable populations like children. This requires that the Office use the best available science when reaching regulatory decisions, find ways to communicate those decisions effectively, develop educational and training opportunities to help pesticide users make informed choices, and ensure proper implementation of pesticide statutes.

关键词：农药；儿童；环境卫生；食品供应；健康危害；法规；决策；环境保护

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Casa a Campo: Pesticide Safety for Farmworker Families was an environmental justice community education project with five specific aims: (1) to conduct research that (a) documents the knowledge and beliefs of farmworker families in North Carolina about pesticide exposure and prevention at work and in the home, (b) documents pesticide exposure among farmworker families in North Carolina, and (c) documents other environmental health concerns that arise from community discussions among farmworker families in North Carolina; (2) to develop culturally and linguistically appropriate educational materials and implement programs that will promote ways to prevent or reduce exposure among farmworker families in North Carolina; (3) to develop culturally and linguistically appropriate educational materials and implement programs that will better prepare health care providers in North Carolina to recognize and treat pesticide exposure-related illness among agricultural labor families and counsel families on ways to prevent or reduce exposure; (4) to increase the capacity of the North Carolina Farmworkers' Project to involve community members in the documentation of environmental and occupational health risks and in education for the reduction of environmental and occupational health risks; and (5) to evaluate the process and outcomes of community participation in this project so that it can be used by other community-based organizations to engage community residents in efforts to reduce environmental risks in their own communities.

关键词：农药；环境暴露；职业安全与健康；农业工人；健康危害；安全项目；心理健康；心理影响；预防医学；社会学因素

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The HHE Program evaluated surface contamination from spills of sea lamprey pesticides that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s at a biological station. HHE Program investigators took samples of carpet that were thought to have been contaminated with pesticide and took wipe samples from surfaces. Yellow stains were seen on carpet, walls, and unsealed concrete floors. The carpet had been installed over unsealed concrete. Pesticide was found on the carpet and wipe samples from areas that were visibly stained. HHE Program investigators recommended that the stained carpet be removed and that the concrete slab floor be cleaned and sealed prior to the installation of new flooring. Walls that had visible stains should be cleaned, sealed, and repainted. Investigators also measured temperature, relative humidity, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide and checked the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system in the offices and laboratory. Room air flowed from the offices into the workshop which helped keep potentially contaminated air from entering the office space. The exhaust fan in the laboratory solvent storage room was not always turned on which allowed air to flow into the nearby laboratory. This fan should be run continuously to reduce the amount of solvent vapors that can enter nearby work areas. Investigators recommended that the employer stop sampling soil and concrete that may have been contaminated during past spills. Employees were encouraged to wash their hands with soap and water after handling pesticides and avoid touching surfaces that are visibly stained. Employees should not go into offices while wearing clothes, shoes, or materials that may have pesticides on them. Investigators also recommended that the employer notify all employees about plans to renovate the building and follow up with employees after projects are completed to ensure that these activities have eliminated visible pesticide contamination on carpet, floors, and walls.

关键词：农药污染；健康危害；公共卫生；污染；生物站

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The USGS is investigating the occurrence and distribution of pesticides in water resources of the Nation as part of the NAWQA Program and NASQAN. The two programs differ somewhat in their scope, objectives, and implementation plans (Gilliom and others, 1995; Hooper and others, 1997).

关键词：农药；地表水；地下水；水质；水污染

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The Arroyo Colorado is an ancient channel of the Rio Grande River that extends eastward for about 90 miles from near the city of Mission, Texas through southern Hidalgo County to the city of Harlingen in Cameron County, eventually discharging into the Laguna Madre near the Cameron- Willacy County line. The tidal segment of the Arroyo Colorado, as classified by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), is between the confluence with Laguna Madre in Cameron/Willacy County to a point 100 meters (110 yards) downstream of Cemetery Road, south of Port Harlingen in Cameron County. This part of the river is also defined as a coastal natural resource area (CNRA) and a coastal wetland in the Coastal Coordination Act. Water quality monitoring over the past decade has confirmed low oxygen levels and escalated ammonia and nitrate concentrations that have contributed to multiple fish kills in the tidal segment. These sub-optimal aquatic conditions resulted in this portion of the Arroyo Colorado being placed on the Texas Water Quality Inventory and 303(d) List for high aquatic life use impairment in 2002. Numerous urban sources, such as point source wastewater discharges, have contributed to this impairment; however, according to the Arroyo Colorado Watershed Protection Plan (ACWPP), nonpoint source agricultural runoff accounts for much of the water quality issues in the tidal segment.

关键词：农药；水污染监测；水质

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近年来，随着我国石油石化行业工程建设总承包（EPC）业务的兴起，项目成本控制和过程控制能力得到了很大程度的加强，然而很多项目目前仍面临着库存数量过大、结构不合理、管理不科学、甚至不被重视等问题。如何更精细化地控制库存成为了很多行业内EPC项目的一个不小的挑战。文章以材料管理系统和组织管理为出发点，结合作者在越南化肥项目的工作经历，分析了总承包商库存控制的几个关键因素，并给出相应的合理化建议，目的是降低供应链环节成本，减少资金占用，提高工作效率，从而增强企业竞争力。

关键词：库存控制；材料管理系统；组织管理

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中共中央总书记习近平10月29日在主持中共中央政治局就加快推进住房保障体系和供应体系建设第十次集体学习时强调，加快推进住房保障和供应体系建设，是满足群众基本住房需求、实现全体人民住有所居目标的重要任务，是促进社会公平正义、保证人民群众共享改革发展成果的必然要求。各级党委和政府要加强组织领导，落实各项目标任务和政策措施，努力把住房保障和供应体系建设办成一项经得起实践、人民、历史检验的德政工程。

关键词：住房保障；政府性债务；农村人居环境；经济转型；产业调整；GDP；非公有制经济

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改革开放以来，投资一直是拉动经济增长的重要力量。随着固定资产投资完成额的逐年上涨，我国投资结构的问题也日益突出。本文从不同维度对投资结构进行了较为深入的分析，并以数据为依托，分析出当前我国内部投资结构中较为显著的一些问题。特别是对当前问题较为突出的民间投资，本文进行了重点分析，力图从数据中挖掘结构性问题的内因。

关键词：改革开放；投资结构；分析

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