A method was developed to calculate annual county-level pesticide use for selected herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides applied to agricultural crops grown in the conterminous United States from 1992 through 2009. Pesticide-use data compiled by proprietary surveys of farm operations located within Crop Reporting Districts were used in conjunction with annual harvested-crop acreage reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) to calculate use rates per harvested-crop acre, or an estimated pesticide use (EPest) rate, for each crop by year. Pesticide-use data were not available for all Crop Reporting Districts and years. When data were unavailable for a Crop Reporting District in a particular year, EPest extrapolated rates were calculated from adjoining or nearby Crop Reporting Districts to ensure that pesticide use was estimated for all counties that reported harvested-crop acreage. EPest rates were applied to county harvested-crop acreage differently to obtain EPest-low and EPest-high estimates of pesticide-use for counties and states, with the exception of use estimates for California, which were taken from annual Department of Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Use Reports.

关键词：农药；环境影响；除草剂；杀虫剂；杀菌剂；农作物

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Children of agricultural workers are at risk of pesticide contamination through secondary routes (e.g. take-home pathway). Animal and human studies suggest that pesticide intoxication in early childhood delays growth and neurodevelopment.

关键词：农药；儿童

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Casa a Campo: Pesticide Safety for Farmworker Families was an environmental justice community education project with five specific aims: (1) to conduct research that (a) documents the knowledge and beliefs of farmworker families in North Carolina about pesticide exposure and prevention at work and in the home, (b) documents pesticide exposure among farmworker families in North Carolina, and (c) documents other environmental health concerns that arise from community discussions among farmworker families in North Carolina; (2) to develop culturally and linguistically appropriate educational materials and implement programs that will promote ways to prevent or reduce exposure among farmworker families in North Carolina; (3) to develop culturally and linguistically appropriate educational materials and implement programs that will better prepare health care providers in North Carolina to recognize and treat pesticide exposure-related illness among agricultural labor families and counsel families on ways to prevent or reduce exposure; (4) to increase the capacity of the North Carolina Farmworkers' Project to involve community members in the documentation of environmental and occupational health risks and in education for the reduction of environmental and occupational health risks; and (5) to evaluate the process and outcomes of community participation in this project so that it can be used by other community-based organizations to engage community residents in efforts to reduce environmental risks in their own communities.

关键词：农药；环境暴露；职业安全与健康；农业工人；健康危害；安全项目；心理健康；心理影响；预防医学；社会学因素

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PESP is a voluntary program that fosters partnerships with pesticide users, educators, and related organizations who engage in reducing potential health and environmental risks associated with pests and pesticide use and in implementing pollution prevention strategies. PESP members are organized into one of four groups (according to pesticide use where people Live, Work, Play, and Farm) and progress through three tiered steps (Bronze, Silver, and Gold) to achieve the maximum benefit in the program. PESP members distinguish themselves as stewardship leaders in their respective fields of business and practice.

关键词：农药；环境风险；健康风险；害虫防治；污染防治

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The Washington Department of Agriculture (AG) requested that the Washington Department of Health (DOH) evaluate whether the United States Geological Survey (USGS) health-based water screening levels (HBSLs) for the pesticides azinphos methyl, pendimethalin, and s-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) are appropriate benchmarks for identifying whether these three pesticides, if found in Washington groundwater or surface water, might pose a possible health risk. DOH agreed to do this evaluation by comparing the USGS HBSLs to standard health benchmarks for water, if they exist. DOH's work was done in support of the Clean Water Fund contract between AG and the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology).

关键词：农药；健康咨询；水污染监测；农产品；有毒物质；地下水；生态

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关键词：农药；水资源；土地利用；水污染抽样；降解；回归分析；

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The purpose of this report is to provide documentation of the completed corrective action and to provide data confirming the corrective action. The corrective action was performed in accordance with the approved Corrective Action Plan (CAP) (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), 1999) and consisted of clean closure by excavation and disposal. The Area 15 Quonset Hut 15-11 was formerly used for storage of farm supplies including pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers. The Area 23 Quonset Hut 800 was formerly used to clean pesticide and herbicide equipment. Steam-cleaning rinsate and sink drainage occasionally overflowed a sump into adjoining drainage ditches. One ditch flows south and is referred to as the quonset hut ditch. The other ditch flows southeast and is referred to as the inner drainage ditch. The Area 23 Skid Huts were formerly used for storing and mixing pesticide and herbicide solutions. Excess solutions were released directly to the ground near the skid huts. The skid huts were moved to a nearby location prior to the site characterization performed in 1998 and reported in the Corrective Action Decision Document (CADD) (DOE, 1998). The vicinity and site plans of the Area 23 sites are shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively.

关键词：农药；排水；化肥；除草剂；废物处置

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The Arroyo Colorado is an ancient channel of the Rio Grande River that extends eastward for about 90 miles from near the city of Mission, Texas through southern Hidalgo County to the city of Harlingen in Cameron County, eventually discharging into the Laguna Madre near the Cameron- Willacy County line. The tidal segment of the Arroyo Colorado, as classified by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), is between the confluence with Laguna Madre in Cameron/Willacy County to a point 100 meters (110 yards) downstream of Cemetery Road, south of Port Harlingen in Cameron County. This part of the river is also defined as a coastal natural resource area (CNRA) and a coastal wetland in the Coastal Coordination Act. Water quality monitoring over the past decade has confirmed low oxygen levels and escalated ammonia and nitrate concentrations that have contributed to multiple fish kills in the tidal segment. These sub-optimal aquatic conditions resulted in this portion of the Arroyo Colorado being placed on the Texas Water Quality Inventory and 303(d) List for high aquatic life use impairment in 2002. Numerous urban sources, such as point source wastewater discharges, have contributed to this impairment; however, according to the Arroyo Colorado Watershed Protection Plan (ACWPP), nonpoint source agricultural runoff accounts for much of the water quality issues in the tidal segment.

关键词：农药；水污染监测；水质

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In 1999 and 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program conducted a national pilot study of pesticides and degradates in drinking-water supplies, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). William H. Harsha Lake, which provides drinking water for several thousand people in southwestern Ohio, was selected as one of the drinking-water supplies for this study. East Fork Little Miami River is the main source of water to Harsha Lake and drains a predominantly agricultural basin. Samples were collected from the East Fork Little Miami River upstream from Harsha Lake, at the drinking-water intake at Harsha Lake, at the outfall just below Harsha Lake, and from treated water at the Bob McEwen Treatment Plant. These samples were analyzed using standardized methods developed for the NAWQA Program. The purpose of this report is to provide information about pesticides and pesticide degradates in East Fork, Harsha Lake, and treated drinking water supplied by Harsha Lake. Water samples were collected from March 1999 to September 2000. The report presents a comparison of pesticide concentrations in untreated lake water and treated drinking water and a qualitative assessment of the effect of the November 1999 switchover from powdered activated carbon (PAC) to granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment on the concentration of pesticide compounds in treated lake water.

关键词：农药；水污染监测；饮用水；水治疗；供水水库；水文条件；气候模式；季节性模式

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Sources of PCBs, dioxin, and chlorinated pesticides to Vancouver Lake were investigated during the winter, spring, and fall of 2010 from Burnt Bridge Creek, the Flushing Channel, and two Lake River sites.

关键词：农药；水污染

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