An optical fiber is a transparent and flexible fiber made by drawing glass or plastic, which is used to transmit light. It is widely applicable in fiber-optic communications, where they allow transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths than wire cables. The adoption of fiber optic cables has increased over metal wires to send signals with lesser signal loss. Increase in internet penetration is the primary growth factor of the global optical fiber market. The number of internet users is increasing continuously, and consumers are using various online platforms for different purposes. To keep up with the growing demand of higher bandwidth and high speed data and to meet the need of the rising data traffic, network operators are upgrading their networks and are deploying optical fiber technologies. Optical fiber enables faster data transfer, provides greater bandwidth, and has an extremely low chance of data loss as compared to the electric signals of copper wires.

An optical fiber is a transparent and flexible fiber made by drawing glass or plastic, which is used to transmit light. It is widely applicable in fiber-optic communications, where they allow transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths than wire cables. The adoption of fiber optic cables has increased over metal wires to send signals with lesser signal loss. Increase in internet penetration is the primary growth factor of the global optical fiber market. The number of internet users is increasing continuously, and consumers are using various online platforms for different purposes. To keep up with the growing demand of higher bandwidth and high speed data and to meet the need of the rising data traffic, network operators are upgrading their networks and are deploying optical fiber technologies. Optical fiber enables faster data transfer, provides greater bandwidth, and has an extremely low chance of data loss as compared to the electric signals of copper wires.

Oil shale is an organic-rich rock, which contains a solid mixture of an organic chemical compound known as kerogen. From the organic compound, liquid hydrocarbons, such as shale oil, are produced. Oil shale is a substitute for conventional crude oil and is increasingly used, owing to its low cost of extraction. As per the 2016 estimate, the global deposits of the total world resources of oil shale are equivalent of 6.05 trillion barrels of oil. Industries utilize oil shale as a fuel for thermal power plants to drive steam turbines. Additionally, oil shale is used in the production of specialty carbon fibers, carbon black, adsorbent carbons, resins, phenols, tanning agents, road bitumen, and soil-additives. The growing use of oil shale across various industries has been driving the oil shale market.

Mobility as a service market is highly customer centric, when it comes to designing the system. The growth of the service-oriented industry has led to the acceptance of MaaS across many parts of the world. The accessibility of internet has almost doubled globally during the past three years (2015-2017). A commuter today prefers to control the services he/she wants, may be partially or completely. The developers in the market focus on reducing uncertainty in the supply chain of transportation. Mobility service market is highly driven by big data, leveraging the advantage to develop a real-time evolving solution. The flexibility of mobility solution can cater to the needs of every type of commuter: belonging to any age group, any socio-economic background, or any cast. The following part of this chapter discusses the drivers, challenges, and opportunities for the Global MaaS market.

Mobility as a service market is highly customer centric, when it comes to designing the system. The growth of the service-oriented industry has led to the acceptance of MaaS across many parts of the world. The accessibility of internet has almost doubled globally during the past three years (2015-2017). A commuter today prefers to control the services he/she wants, may be partially or completely. The developers in the market focus on reducing uncertainty in the supply chain of transportation. Mobility service market is highly driven by big data, leveraging the advantage to develop a real-time evolving solution. The flexibility of mobility solution can cater to the needs of every type of commuter: belonging to any age group, any socio-economic background, or any cast. The following part of this chapter discusses the drivers, challenges, and opportunities for the Global MaaS market.

Metagenomics is the application of modern genomics methods to the study of communities of microbial organisms directly in their natural environments, by avoiding the need for isolation and lab cultivation of individual species. The market is derived exclusively based on the revenue generated through devices and systems being utilized in the metagenomic studies. Moreover, the revenues generated from metagenomic therapeutic applications are excluded from the current study.

We have estimated the overall Medical cyclotron market by segmenting it on the basis of product and geography. The product segment has been divided into Cyclotron 10-12 MeV, Cyclotron 16-18 MeV, Cyclotron 19-24 MeV, and Cyclotron 24 MeV & above. Major geographic regions encompassed in this study include North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and MEA.

Laparotomy is a surgical procedure carried out for diagnosis of the abdomen for various causes such as to examine the organs for any changes. The procedure is performed by the help of an incision made into the abdominal cavity. The surgical procedure requires the use of laparotomy sponges for keeping the site of surgery clean and dry. The laparotomy sponges are utilized to soak the fluids near the incision rendering it dry, which prevents infection, maintains hemostasis, and retracts slippery visceral organs.

Cardio vascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. As per the estimations, CVD causes 17.3 million deaths per year, out of which 7.4 million deaths are caused due to coronary artery disease (CAD). The number is expected to grow to 23.6 million by 2030 for CVD. Cardiovascular diseases lead to more number of deaths as compared to the combined deaths due to cancer and chronic lower respiratory diseases. Interventional cardiology is a branch of cardiology which deals with percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and many other procedures including angioplasty, valve repair, cardiac catheterization, stent placement, and balloon valvuloplasty, among others.

Cardio vascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. As per the estimations, CVD causes 17.3 million deaths per year, out of which 7.4 million deaths are caused due to coronary artery disease (CAD). The number is expected to grow to 23.6 million by 2030 for CVD. Cardiovascular diseases lead to more number of deaths as compared to the combined deaths due to cancer and chronic lower respiratory diseases. Interventional cardiology is a branch of cardiology which deals with percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and many other procedures including angioplasty, valve repair, cardiac catheterization, stent placement, and balloon valvuloplasty, among others.