Aerospace nanotechnology refers to the application of nanotechnology science and engineering conducted at the scale of atoms and molecules (typically below 100 nanometers) to the design, development, and performance enhancement of aerospace systems, including aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This field involves the use of nanomaterials, nano sensors, nanoelectronics, and nanostructures to improve key aerospace characteristics such as strength-to-weight ratio, thermal resistance, durability, fuel efficiency, stealth capabilities, and system miniaturization.

4D printing in healthcare is defined as the development of stimuli-responsive 3D structures in medical implants. The emerging 4D printing technology reversibly actuates between the programmed shapes of medical implants. 4D printing also involves the use of smart materials for developing objects that can be selfassembled and flexible as well as react to changing conditions.

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), refers to the process of creating a solid 3D object from a digital computer-aided design (CAD) file. 3D printing has many applications in the education sector (schools, engineering courses, architecture courses, history courses, graphic design courses, geography courses, and chemistry courses, among others). The technology provides various benefits to students and is being widely used by educational institutions across the world.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing refers to the process of producing a physical object using a virtually designed model. 3D printing materials are the raw materials used to produce such objects. Various types of 3D printing materials are required for different applications.

Food safety testing refers to the scientific analysis and procedures used to ensure that food products are safe for consumption. It involves detecting and measuring contaminants, pathogens, chemical residues, allergens, and other harmful substances that could pose health risks to consumers.

The Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) market represents the integration of geospatial technologies with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to process, analyze, and interpret spatial data in real-time or near real-time. This rapidly growing sector combines Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, satellite imagery, as well as AI techniques—such as Machine Learning (ML), deep learning, and computer vision—to extract meaningful insights from location-based data. GeoAI is transforming decision-making across various industries by enabling predictive modeling, automated mapping, and spatial pattern recognition.

Consumer drones are unmanned aerial vehicles that are remotely controlled or fly autonomously with the help of software. They can sustain their flight and fly within the line of sight of the operator and are used to capture pictures and for making videos while it is flying.

Automotive refinish coatings are specialized paints and protective layers applied to vehicles after their original manufacturing, typically during repairs, repainting, or customization. These coatings restore the vehicles appearance, protect the surface from corrosion and environmental damage, and ensure color matching and aesthetic consistency with the original factory finish.

Automotive wrap films offer car styling and personalization through full or partial wrapping. Vehicles with such wraps are used as moving billboards for business advertisements.

Automotive sealants are specialized materials used to fill gaps, joints, and seams in vehicles to prevent the entry of water, dust, air, and other contaminants. They enhance vehicle durability by providing protection against corrosion, vibration, and environmental damage. These sealants are critical in various automotive applications, including body sealing, window glazing, chassis assembly, and battery protection in electric vehicles.