Material Type: Screen printing inks Industry: Printing ink manufacturing The Material described in this report are primarily defined by its title since the title is generally long and includes most of the criteria used to differentiate the Material from other similar Material. The Material descriptions are sourced from the U.S. Census. Additionally descriptions can be collected from the manufacturing industry descriptions that each Material is categorized. The U.S. Census manufacturing industry descriptions for Material are listed below

Printing inks consist of pigments of different colors mixed with oil or varnish Unlike paints, a thin layer of printing inks, with thickness varying between 2 30 μm is applied on the surface Presently, manufacturers are working on developing printing inks that can last long, be printed on different surfaces, and can offer high performance a glossy finish

Binding of printed sheets, e.g. into books, brochures, magazines, catalogues etc., by folding, assembling, stitching, glueing, collating, basting, adhesive binding, trimming, gold stamping Composition, typesetting, phototypesetting, pre-press data input including scanning and optical character recognition, electronic make-up Plate-making services including imagesetting and plate-setting (for the printing processes letterpress and offset) Engraving or etching of cylinders for gravure Plate processes direct to plate (also photopolymer plates) Preparation of plates and dies for relief stamping or printing Production of proofs Artistic work including preparation of litho stones and prepared woodblocks Production of reprographic products Design of printing products e.g. sketches, layouts, dummies etc. Other graphic activities such as die-sinking or die-stamping, Braille copying, punching and drilling, embossing, varnishing and laminating, collating and insetting, creasing

With major consumer-oriented manufacturers gradually shifting to customized packaging to enhance shelf-visibility, in turn, attracting customers, the adoption of digital printing became vital. The beverage company, Coca-Cola, had been an early adopter for such a system and launched multiple campaigns based on digitally printed, highly-customized labels. There is an increased demand for digital prints wrapped on the glass fronts of office buildings, and huge digitally printed banners displayed down the sides of buildings. The automotive industry has also become a major part of the digital advertising world, with cars, buses, vans, and trailers fully wrapped with digital prints.

Binding of printed sheets, e.g. into books, brochures, magazines, catalogues etc., by folding, assembling, stitching, glueing, collating, basting, adhesive binding, trimming, gold stamping Composition, typesetting, phototypesetting, pre-press data input including scanning and optical character recognition, electronic make-up Plate-making services including imagesetting and plate-setting (for the printing processes letterpress and offset) Engraving or etching of cylinders for gravure Plate processes direct to plate (also photopolymer plates) Preparation of plates and dies for relief stamping or printing Production of proofs Artistic work including preparation of litho stones and prepared woodblocks Production of reprographic products Design of printing products e.g. sketches, layouts, dummies etc. Other graphic activities such as die-sinking or die-stamping, Braille copying, punching and drilling, embossing, varnishing and laminating, collating and insetting, creasing

本报告以国际上经常使用的媒介Facebook和Twitter为载体，阐述了国际社会化媒体中用户个体以及用户群体在信息接触和信息扩散中所扮演的角色及起到的作用。研究揭示了网络评论在社会事件传播中的效果和多元网状社交空间对网络评论发展的影响。

Pad printing has been a conventional method of printing on curved and uneven surfaces for a long time. It involves the transfer of 2D images or texts onto a 3D surface with the help of flexible silicone pads. It is a spin-off of conventional offset printing. Recently, digital printing has paved the way for printing on the surfaces with variable diameter using digital cylinder printing technique. This process directly strews ink over a curved surface which is in a close vicinity to the cylindrical printheads using digital imaging systems. Additionally, this process uses a robot automation system which tracks the surface of the substrate and calculates the angle of inclination with help of a computer-aided software. This ensures that the substrate and the printheads are always less than 5 mm of distance, which is the optimum distance to get a high-resolution print. Thus, digital cylinder printing offers a faster turnaround time than the conventional pad printing method, due to the single-pass mechanism and no requirement of pre-setups for printing. Many companies such as Inkcups, PadJet, Automated Marking, Inc., and BottleJET are offering products to print on curved surfaces. Such developments are going to boost the digital printing ink market in the coming years.

Digital printing is a relatively new method. Printing inks market will be driven by digital rather than analogue printing. Before the mid-1990s, virtually all personal and business communications were analogue, which was majorly used in print and broadcast media. Print was the oldest communication channel and global demand for paper was strong and stable. The last 15-20 years have seen the arrival of digital technologies and an ever-increasing proportion of communications has now become digital. Digital print will continue to grow as it allows a greater variety of print customized to the recipient to be produced economically, and fundamentally the content can be determined much closer to the end user. Digital's share of the whole market is increasing in value terms year-on-year, as the next generation of presses pushes productivity and quality to boost the competitive position of digital technology. Many customers are global, with advertisers, publishers, and packaging buyers demanding high-quality, consistent products everywhere. The ever-reducing cost and everincreasing power of computer chips and mobile technology, coupled with the ever-increasing network speed and bandwidth have accelerated the number of internet users. This is expected to increase the usage of digital communications over other forms of communication channels including print.

The growth of the print label market is augmented by the rapid rise of digital print technology that has made the print label market more sophisticated and increased the adoption of digital print labels, Their versatility and flexibility, combined with the high graphics standards, are the key growth features. Many organizations like Nilpeter, Xeikon and Bobst Firenze, among others, believe that digitally printed label is suited to meet the demands of the market and has an added advantage over traditional printing technologies. Digital technology has met the multiple requirements of various end-user industries in makin g a ttractive la bel designs to encourage potential consumers to make purchases. The integration of digital technology with the existing label printing technique is expected to bring a huge change to all the small-scale, as well as large-scale sectors, improving the overall market. The growth of the print label market is augmented by the rapid rise of digital print technology that has made the print label market more sophisticated and increased the adoption of digital print labels, Their versatility and flexibility, combined with the high graphics standards, are the key growth features.

Domestic players have leading positions in the paper manufacturing sector. Most of the companies are controlled by private capital and some are traded on a regulated market. In order to increase their market competitiveness, these companies have to optimise their input costs. This includes to generate their own electricity and import low-cost raw materials. The Chinese paper manufacturing sector has high entry barriers, because the major players on the market rely on economies of scale, which makes the companies’ capital outlays and fixed costs high. The Chinese government policy also contributes to high entry barriers, with the rising level of regulation related to climate change and energy efficiency, affecting the paper and paperboard production.